Abstract Grass weeds affect arable crops throughout the world, inflicting yield penalties, reducing crop quality and taking available nutrients away from the growing crop. Recently in Ireland, the presence of herbicide resistance in grass weeds has been noted. In order to preserve the sustainability of crop production in Ireland, an integrated pest management approach must be implemented. How this applies to control grass weeds was the focus of this review. Here we examined the state of current research into grass weed biology and the nature of herbicide resistance, identifying gaps in research in the Irish context. We identified a number of cultural grass weed control techniques, as being relevant to the Irish mode of crop production. Crop rotation, cultivation techniques, manipulation of sowing dates and increased crop competition were recognised as useful strategies. Combining these strategies to provide effective grass weed control may be key to reduce dependence on herbicides.

中文翻译：

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爱尔兰综合杂草管理的批判性审查

摘要 草杂草影响世界各地的可耕作物，造成产量损失、降低作物质量并从生长的作物中夺走可用的养分。最近在爱尔兰，人们注意到禾本科杂草中存在除草剂抗性。为了保持爱尔兰作物生产的可持续性，必须实施综合虫害管理方法。如何将其应用于控制禾本科杂草是本次审查的重点。在这里，我们检查了当前对草类杂草生物学的研究状态和除草剂抗性的性质，确定了爱尔兰背景下研究的差距。我们确定了许多与爱尔兰作物生产模式相关的栽培草杂草控制技术。轮作、栽培技术、操纵播种日期和增加作物竞争被认为是有用的策略。结合这些策略以提供有效的杂草控制可能是减少对除草剂依赖的关键。