ABSTRACT In the period c.1790 to 1870, the small rural hamlet of Elsecar, near Barnsley, was transformed into an extensive industrial village, with a thriving economy based on iron and coal. Most of this development was instigated, controlled and financed by the local landowners, the 4th and 5th Earls Fitzwilliam. As well as being passionately interested in the practicalities and potential of industrial development, the Earls also looked to the welfare of their workers, providing a wealth of benefits including pensions, sick pay and purpose-built industrial housing. Using a historical approach based on a variety of source material, this paper explores the Earls’ provision of workers’ housing as a way in which to consider wider themes of power, control, inequality and resistance as they were expressed both in the physicality of the houses themselves, and in the cultural meanings which were attributed to them by contemporary observers. The paper argues that workers’ housing functioned as a visible embodiment of power relationships within Elsecar and, because of this, it continues to have a significant resonance in the modern world.

中文翻译：

---

小屋和乡间别墅：Elsecar 的权力、家长作风和抗议

摘要在 1790 年至 1870 年期间，巴恩斯利附近的埃尔塞卡小村庄变成了一个广阔的工业村，以铁和煤为基础的经济蓬勃发展。大部分开发项目是由当地地主第 4 和第 5 伯爵菲茨威廉 (Earls Fitzwilliam) 发起、控制和资助的。除了对工业发展的实用性和潜力充满热情外，伯爵还关注工人的福利，提供丰富的福利，包括养老金、病假工资和专门建造的工业住房。本文使用基于各种原始材料的历史方法，探讨了伯爵提供工人住房的方式，以此来考虑更广泛的权力、控制、不平等和抵抗，因为它们既表现在房屋本身的物理性上，也表现在当代观察者赋予它们的文化意义中。该论文认为，工人的住房是 Elsecar 内部权力关系的明显体现，因此，它继续在现代世界中产生重要的共鸣。