ABSTRACT In the second half of the 19th century, the area known as Lezíria, in Portugal, started to use portable steam and traction engines in agricultural production. Out of more than a hundred original examples, all of them manufactured in England, little more than a dozen survive today, with different levels of preservation. This article studies these for the first time through an archaeological perspective, identifying their use and importance in different agricultural activities in the production of goods such as olive oil.

中文翻译：

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便携式蒸汽机和牵引机及其在农村地区的使用：以葡萄牙 Lezíria Ribatejana 为例

摘要 19 世纪下半叶，葡萄牙的 Lezíria 地区开始在农业生产中使用便携式蒸汽和牵引发动机。在一百多个原始样本中，所有这些样本都是在英国制造的，今天幸存下来的只有十几个，它们的保存程度各不相同。本文首次从考古学的角度研究这些，确定它们在生产橄榄油等商品的不同农业活动中的用途和重要性。