ABSTRACT This article presents a longitudinal study of residential patterns in the fortified city of Copenhagen. It uses a Geographical Information System (GIS) approach along with the HISCO and HISCLASS coding schemes for occupational titles to discuss residential segregation in Copenhagen between 1711 and 1845. In a period of population growth, spatial expansion of Copenhagen was prevented by building restrictions related to the fortress. As the city grew increasingly dense into the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, historians have assumed that distinct areas of high or low social status (horizontal segregation) were non-existent and that the city was only socially stratified within buildings (vertical segregation), with basements and attics housing the economically deprived. Already in the early eighteenth century, however, the social landscape of Copenhagen was divided into areas of high and low status. Further, towards the middle of the nineteenth century, social status increased in the city centre as it decreased in peripheral areas. This change stands in contrast to the models of Sjoberg and Vance, in which socio-geographical change comes with urban expansion. Instead, I argue that fires and other disasters offered similar opportunities for change, with the extent of socio-geographical change determined by the political circumstances surrounding reconstruction.

中文翻译：

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隔离在墙后：前工业化哥本哈根的住宅模式

摘要 本文对哥本哈根设防城市的居住模式进行了纵向研究。它使用地理信息系统 (GIS) 方法以及职业名称的 HISCO 和 HISCLASS 编码方案来讨论 1711 年至 1845 年间哥本哈根的居住隔离。堡垒。随着城市在 18 世纪和 19 世纪变得越来越密集，历史学家假设社会地位高低的不同区域（横向隔离）是不存在的，并且城市只是在建筑物内进行社会分层（垂直隔离），有地下室和阁楼住着经济上的贫困者。然而，早在十八世纪初，哥本哈根的社会格局被划分为地位高低的区域。此外，到了 19 世纪中叶，城市中心的社会地位随着周边地区的下降而增加。这种变化与 Sjoberg 和 Vance 的模型形成鲜明对比，在这些模型中，社会地理变化伴随着城市扩张。相反，我认为火灾和其他灾害提供了类似的变革机会，社会地理变化的程度由围绕重建的政治环境决定。其中社会地理变化伴随着城市扩张。相反，我认为火灾和其他灾害提供了类似的变革机会，社会地理变化的程度由围绕重建的政治环境决定。其中社会地理变化伴随着城市扩张。相反，我认为火灾和其他灾害提供了类似的变革机会，社会地理变化的程度由围绕重建的政治环境决定。