ABSTRACT Natural substances are extensively used as biostimulants in agriculture. Notably, horn-manure preparation (HMP) is fermented cow manure sprayed at low concentrations onto biodynamically cultivated fields. The present study investigated the effect of HMP on the growth of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) cultivated in a bioassay (randomized block design, n = 20). Seedlings were cultivated in a water medium. Treatments of a drop of HMP suspension (1 µl or 0.1 µl) or of water (Control) were added to the medium. Long-term series of trials, with two different HMPs, were conducted over 18 and 9 months with 76 and 38 trials, respectively. In the first series, the effect of a 1 µl drop of HMP suspension on root growth was significant overall (−2.4%, p = 0.004, Tukey-Kramer-test) and in 35.5% of the individual trials (p < 0.05). However, the effects fluctuated strongly between the trials (from −25.7% to +19.1%). The effect of a 0.1 µl drop was similar, but lower in magnitude. The results of the second series were analogous. Comparison of statistical models provided significant evidence of a growth-stabilising effect. An additional series of 22 negative control trials indicated an acceptable false positive rate. It was concluded that HMP, at low doses, significantly influenced root growth at early stages, with a stabilising pattern of action. Further development of the bioassay should improve its power and stability over time. A stabilising effect may induce an increased resilience of the agricultural system.

中文翻译：

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水芹（Lepidium sativum L.）在生物测定中对生物动力牛粪制备的生长反应

摘要 天然物质在农业中被广泛用作生物刺激素。值得注意的是，牛角粪便制剂 (HMP) 是将发酵的牛粪以低浓度喷洒到生物动力耕地。本研究调查了 HMP 对在生物测定中栽培的水芹（Lepidium sativum L.）生长的影响（随机区组设计，n = 20）。在水介质中培育幼苗。将一滴 HMP 悬浮液（1 µl 或 0.1 µl）或一滴水（对照）加入培养基中。使用两种不同 HMP 进行的长期系列试验分别进行了 18 和 9 个月，分别进行了 76 和 38 项试验。在第一个系列中，1 µl HMP 悬浮液对根系生长的影响总体上是显着的（-2.4%，p = 0.004，Tukey-Kramer-test）和 35.5% 的单个试验（p < 0.05）。然而，试验之间的效果波动很大（从 -25.7% 到 +19.1%）。0.1 µl 液滴的效果相似，但幅度较低。第二个系列的结果是类似的。统计模型的比较提供了生长稳定效应的重要证据。额外的 22 次阴性对照试验系列表明假阳性率是可接受的。结论是，低剂量的 HMP 显着影响早期的根生长，具有稳定的作用模式。随着时间的推移，生物测定的进一步发展应提高其能力和稳定性。稳定作用可能会增加农业系统的复原力。第二个系列的结果是类似的。统计模型的比较提供了生长稳定效应的重要证据。额外的 22 次阴性对照试验系列表明假阳性率是可接受的。结论是，低剂量的 HMP 显着影响早期的根生长，具有稳定的作用模式。随着时间的推移，生物测定的进一步发展应提高其能力和稳定性。稳定作用可能会增加农业系统的复原力。第二个系列的结果是类似的。统计模型的比较提供了生长稳定效应的重要证据。额外的 22 次阴性对照试验系列表明假阳性率是可接受的。结论是，低剂量的 HMP 显着影响早期的根生长，具有稳定的作用模式。随着时间的推移，生物测定的进一步发展应提高其能力和稳定性。稳定作用可能会增加农业系统的复原力。具有稳定的行动模式。随着时间的推移，生物测定的进一步发展应提高其能力和稳定性。稳定作用可能会增加农业系统的复原力。具有稳定的行动模式。随着时间的推移，生物测定的进一步发展应提高其能力和稳定性。稳定作用可能会增加农业系统的复原力。