ABSTRACT Using a mixed-method analysis, this paper examines the effect of working holiday makers (WHMs) on the labour market for low-skilled work in the horticulture industry. Since the inception of the WHM visa in 1975, the horticulture industry has come to rely increasingly on WHMs as the core source of labour for picking and packing fruit and vegetables. This reliance has altered employers’ expectations of labour flexibility, cost and productivity and has limited the role of local workers in the industry in many locations. At the same time, there is evidence of widespread exploitation of WHMs in the industry. There is a difficult policy challenge of how to address the problems of exploitation while maintaining a reliable labour supply for the industry. The article draws on the growing literature considering the role of temporary labour migration on national labour markets to frame the analysis of WHMs in Australian horticulture, and concludes with suggestions for how the horticulture labour market can be reformed through appropriate, targeted regulation of temporary migrants in the industry.

中文翻译：

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澳大利亚园艺业的打工度假者：劳动力市场效应、剥削和改革途径

摘要 本文使用混合方法分析，研究了打工度假者 (WHM) 对园艺行业低技能工作劳动力市场的影响。自 1975 年 WHM 签证推出以来，园艺行业越来越依赖 WHM 作为采摘和包装水果和蔬菜的核心劳动力来源。这种依赖改变了雇主对劳动力灵活性、成本和生产力的期望，并限制了当地工人在许多地方的行业中的作用。同时，有证据表明 WHM 在行业中被广泛利用。如何解决剥削问题，同时为该行业保持可靠的劳动力供应，这是一项艰巨的政策挑战。