Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of irrigation regime and potting media on morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of pot marigold. The experiment was arranged factorially based on a completely randomized design. The first factor was irrigation regime in three levels of 80, 60 and 40% available water content and the second factor was potting media in five levels of 20% vermicompost, 30% vermicompost, 20% manure compost, 30% manure compost and control (sand and soil in equal proportions). Morpho-physiological traits (plant height, stem diameter, number of flowering stem, root diameter, root length, root dry weight, aerial dry weight, total dry weight, relative water content, ionic stability and water use efficiency) and biochemical traits (malondialdehyde content, catalase and peroxidase activity, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents) were measured. Morpho-physiological parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid decreased under water deficit, while increased with application of vermicompost and manure compost. Also, lipid peroxidation, catalase and peroxidase activity enhanced under water deficit, while decreased with application of vermicompost and manure compost. In other words, the application of vermicompost and manure compost in potting media reduced the harmful effects of water deficit. Total dry mass and water use efficiency were about 3-fold higher in plants grown in 30% vermicompost or 30% manure compost substrate compared to those in control plants. The results suggest that the application of 30% manure compost could be recommended as suitable potting media due to reducing the negative effects of water shortages, helping to nourish the plant, cheapness and accessibility compared with 30% vermicompost.

中文翻译：

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蚯蚓粪和粪肥降低盆栽万寿菊（Calendula officinalis L. cv. Candyman Orange）的缺水压力

摘要 本研究旨在评估灌溉制度和盆栽介质对盆栽万寿菊形态生理和生化特性的影响。该实验是基于完全随机设计的因子安排。第一个因素是可用水分含量为 80%、60% 和 40% 的三个水平的灌溉制度，第二个因素是 20% 蚯蚓堆肥、30% 蚯蚓堆肥、20% 粪肥、30% 粪肥和对照五个水平的盆栽培养基（沙子和土壤的比例相等）。形态生理性状（株高、茎粗、开花茎数、根径、根长、根干重、地上干重、总干重、相对含水量、离子稳定性和水分利用效率）和生化性状（丙二醛）含量、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性，叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量）进行了测量。形态生理参数、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素在缺水条件下下降，而随着蚯蚓堆肥和粪便堆肥的应用而增加。此外，脂质过氧化、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性在缺水条件下增强，而随着蚯蚓堆肥和粪便堆肥的应用而降低。换句话说，在盆栽培养基中施用蚯蚓堆肥和粪便堆肥减少了缺水的有害影响。与对照植物相比，在 30% 蚯蚓堆肥或 30% 粪便堆肥基质中生长的植物的总干重和水分利用效率高出约 3 倍。结果表明，由于减少缺水的负面影响，可以推荐使用 30% 的粪便堆肥作为合适的盆栽介质，