ABSTRACT Vermicompost is becoming an important substitute for peat in horticulture due to the negative consequences of peat depletion. There is no aerobic fermentation pretreatment in the process of direct digestion of fresh cow manure by earthworms, which resulted in different properties of vermicompost compared with traditional treatment methods. However, there is limited knowledge on the properties of vermicompost in the direct earthworm digestion process. In the present study, a large-scale earthworm bio-bed was used to convert fresh cow manure into vermicompost, and then the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of the vermicompost were determined. To study the influence of mineral nutrient additions, vermicompost was mixed with vermiculite at a ratio of 4:1 (v/v), and was then used as the growth medium for capsicum seedlings. The results showed that nitrate nitrogen (243.39 mg/kg), ammonium nitrogen (50.38 mg/kg), total phosphorus (47.61 g/kg), available phosphorus (41.68 g/kg), catalase activity (2.17 mL/g·h), bacterial biomass (3.60 × 107 cfu/g), actinobacterial biomass (2.40 × 107 cfu/g), and fungal biomass (1.55 × 106 cfu/g) measurements were significantly higher in vermicompost than in the parent material. However, moisture (50.01%), electrical conductivity (2.07 mS/cm), total nitrogen (8.52 g/kg), organic matter (28.47%), and urease activity (0.63 mL/g·h) were significantly lower in the vermicompost compared to the parent material. The shoot and root morphological indices and the capsicum biomass accumulation measurements in the vermicompost treatments were superior to those found in the commercial peat medium (CK). Leaf expansion (14.83 cm), shoot height (24.20 cm), stem diameter (4.38 cm), leaf number (16.20 No.), root length (352.83 cm), root surface area (60.30 cm2), root diameter (0.61 mm), and root volume (0.92cm3) significantly higher in vermicompost-vermiculite mixed media with added urea (0.5 kg/m3), superphosphate (10.0 kg/m3), and potassium chloride (1.0 kg/m3) than in CK at the late seedling growth stage. The addition of mineral nutrients (NPK) had little effect on the physical properties of the vermicompost media, but it improved the available nutrients. In summary, fresh cow manure without pre-treatment can be processed into vermicompost using a large-scale earthworm bio-bed. Vermicompost could serve as an alternative for commercial peat media in the cultivation of capsicum plug seedlings, and the beneficial effects of adding NPK gradually emerged as the seedling growth time increased.

中文翻译：

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使用蚯蚓生物床处理牛粪和用于辣椒幼苗的基于蚯蚓粪的基质的开发

摘要 由于泥炭枯竭的负面影响，蚯蚓粪正在成为园艺中泥炭的重要替代品。蚯蚓对新鲜牛粪的直接消化过程中没有进行好氧发酵预处理，导致蚯蚓粪与传统处理方法相比具有不同的性质。然而，关于蚯蚓直接消化过程中蚯蚓粪的特性的知识有限。在本研究中，使用大型蚯蚓生物床将新鲜牛粪转化为蚯蚓粪，然后测定蚯蚓粪的物理、化学和微生物特性。为了研究矿物质营养添加的影响，将蚯蚓粪与蛭石以 4:1 (v/v) 的比例混合，然后用作辣椒幼苗的生长培养基。结果表明，硝态氮（243.39 mg/kg）、铵态氮（50.38 mg/kg）、总磷（47.61 g/kg）、有效磷（41.68 g/kg）、过氧化氢酶活性（2.17 mL/g·h） 、细菌生物量 (3.60 × 107 cfu/g)、放线菌生物量 (2.40 × 107 cfu/g) 和真菌生物量 (1.55 × 106 cfu/g) 测量值在蚯蚓堆中显着高于母体材料。然而，蚯蚓堆肥中的水分（50.01%）、电导率（2.07 mS/cm）、总氮（8.52 g/kg）、有机质（28.47%）和脲酶活性（0.63 mL/g·h）显着降低与母材相比。蚯蚓堆肥处理中的地上部和根部形态指标以及辣椒生物量积累测量值优于商业泥炭培养基（CK）中的指标。叶膨胀 (14.83 cm)，枝条高度 (24. 20 cm)、茎直径 (4.38 cm)、叶数 (16.20 No.)、根长 (352.83 cm)、根表面积 (60.30 cm2)、根直径 (0.61 mm) 和根体积 (0.92cm3) 显着增加在幼苗生长后期，在添加尿素 (0.5 kg/m3)、过磷酸钙 (10.0 kg/m3) 和氯化钾 (1.0 kg/m3) 的蛭石-蛭石混合培养基中，与 CK 相比。矿质养分（NPK）的添加对蚯蚓粪培养基的物理性质影响不大，但提高了可用养分。综上所述，未经预处理的新鲜牛粪可以使用大型蚯蚓生物床加工成蚯蚓粪。蚯蚓粪可以作为商业泥炭培养基的替代品用于辣椒栓苗的培养，随着幼苗生长时间的增加，添加NPK的有益效果逐渐显现。蛭石的茎直径 (4.38 cm)、叶数 (16.20 No.)、根长 (352.83 cm)、根表面积 (60.30 cm2)、根直径 (0.61 mm) 和根体积 (0.92cm3) 显着高于蛭石添加尿素 (0.5 kg/m3)、过磷酸钙 (10.0 kg/m3) 和氯化钾 (1.0 kg/m3) 的混合培养基比在幼苗生长后期的 CK 中更显着。矿质养分（NPK）的添加对蚯蚓粪培养基的物理性质影响不大，但提高了可用养分。综上所述，未经预处理的新鲜牛粪可以使用大型蚯蚓生物床加工成蚯蚓粪。蚯蚓粪可以作为商业泥炭培养基的替代品用于辣椒栓苗的培养，随着幼苗生长时间的增加，添加NPK的有益效果逐渐显现。蛭石的茎直径 (4.38 cm)、叶数 (16.20 No.)、根长 (352.83 cm)、根表面积 (60.30 cm2)、根直径 (0.61 mm) 和根体积 (0.92cm3) 显着高于蛭石添加尿素 (0.5 kg/m3)、过磷酸钙 (10.0 kg/m3) 和氯化钾 (1.0 kg/m3) 的混合培养基比在幼苗生长后期的 CK 中更显着。矿质养分（NPK）的添加对蚯蚓粪培养基的物理性质影响不大，但提高了可用养分。综上所述，未经预处理的新鲜牛粪可以使用大型蚯蚓生物床加工成蚯蚓粪。蚯蚓粪可以作为商业泥炭培养基的替代品用于辣椒栓苗的培养，随着幼苗生长时间的增加，添加NPK的有益效果逐渐显现。