Abstract Fertility and gene diversity were estimated in three second generation (F2) seed stands (SPA 1-3) and two clone trials (CSO 1&2) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis to assess the impact on seed crop. F2 seedlots were evaluated in comparison to native provenances, ten commercial clones and interspecific hybrids at diverse sites. SPA 1&2 were genetic gain trials of five first generation (F1) orchard seedlots, SPA 3 a plantation of one F1 orchard seedlot, and CSOs were clone trials of 21 commercial clones established at two contrasting sites. Fertility variation, as indicated by sibling coefficient, was high (Ψ, 9-14) in the SPAs as only about 26 % trees were fertile compared to 81 % trees in CSOs. Effective population size was higher in SPA 1 and 2 (Ns, 95 and 74, respectively) than SPA 3 (Ns = 39). Fertility was highly skewed in CSO 2 resulting in low effective population size (Ns = 2) compared to CSO 1 (Ns = 11). Constant seed collection enabled 3-fold increase in relative population size and 22 % higher predicted gene diversity in CSO 2. Genetic diversity (He) estimated using SSR markers was higher in SPA 1&2 and native provenances (NAT), compared to SPA 3 and CSO 1, whereas CSO 2 and clones had lower values. There was a high positive correlation between estimated He and predicted gene diversity values of SPAs and CSOs. He was positively correlated to mean field survival and negatively correlated to kraft pulp yield (KPY), evaluated at three years in progeny trials across three locations. Number of alleles per locus was higher in SPAs and native provenances compared to CSOs and clones. Discriminant principal component analysis clustered CSO, NAT and SPA seedlots in different groups while commercial E. camaldulensis clones clustered close to NAT. Multilocus outcrossing rate was generally high (tm, 91-100 %), though selfing was observed in two families of SPA 3 and CSO 2. Selected interspecific hybrid families of commercial E. camaldulensis clones (with E. urophylla and E. pellita) evaluated at two of the sites had higher He and KPY than clones at three years.

中文翻译：

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育性变异对金桉二代产种区和无性系种子园遗传多样性和表型性状的影响

摘要 在三个第二代 (F2) 种子站 (SPA 1-3) 和两个无性系试验 (CSO 1&2) 中估计了桉树的生育力和基因多样性，以评估对种子作物的影响。与不同地点的本地出处、十个商业克隆和种间杂种相比，对 F2 种子批进行了评估。SPA 1&2 是五个第一代 (F1) 果园苗圃的遗传增益试验，SPA 3 是一个 F1 果园苗圃的人工林，而 CSO 是在两个对比地点建立的 21 个商业无性系的克隆试验。正如兄弟姐妹系数所表明的那样，SPA 中的生育力变化很高（Ψ，9-14），因为与 CSO 中 81% 的树木相比，只有约 26% 的树木是肥沃的。SPA 1 和 2 的有效种群规模（分别为 95 和 74 Ns）高于 SPA 3（Ns = 39）。与 CSO 1 (Ns = 11) 相比，CSO 2 的生育率高度偏斜，导致有效种群规模较低 (Ns = 2)。恒定的种子收集使 CSO 2 中的相对种群规模增加了 3 倍，预测的基因多样性提高了 22%。与 SPA 3 和 CSO 相比，使用 SSR 标记估计的遗传多样性 (He) 在 SPA 1&2 和原生种源 (NAT) 中更高1，而 CSO 2 和克隆具有较低的值。估计的 He 与预测的 SPA 和 CSO 的基因多样性值之间存在高度正相关。他与平均田间存活率呈正相关，与牛皮纸浆产量 (KPY) 呈负相关，在三个地点的后代试验中进行了三年评估。与 CSO 和克隆相比，SPA 和本地来源中每个基因座的等位基因数量更高。判别主成分分析将 CSO、NAT 和 SPA 种子群聚集在不同的组中，而商业 E. camaldulensis 克隆聚集在 NAT 附近。尽管在 SPA 3 和 CSO 2 的两个家族中观察到了自交，但多位点异交率通常很高（tm，91-100%）。评估了商业 E. camaldulensis 克隆（具有 E. urophylla 和 E. pellita）的种间杂交家族在三年时，其中两个站点的 He 和 KPY 高于克隆。