Abstract Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus subgenus Cerasus; Rosaceae) cultivars, which are characterized by beautiful flowers, have been generated through hybridization among wild Prunus taxa. The analysis of polymorphisms in the maternally inherited chloroplast DNA is an effective complementary approach for tracing the origins of these cultivars. Thus, a set of novel chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers was developed for the Prunus taxa, and their utility in cross-species amplification was evaluated. Five markers were designed from the partial chloroplast genome sequences of thirteen Prunus taxa. In all, we found 19 haplotypes among the 311 individuals tested. The number of haplotypes, haplotype richness and haplotype diversity in each taxon ranged from 1 to 8, from 1 to 6.613 and from 0 to 0.758, respectively. The major proportion of the total diversity (HT = 0.831) was accounted for by intraspecific diversity (HS = 0.559), and the level of species subdivision, GST, was 0.327. These five cpSSR markers highly polymorphic, and they will be useful not only for tracing the origins of the cultivars but also for studying the population structure, diversity, and phylogeography of Prunus.

中文翻译：

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李属类群（11个日本本土类群和2个外来类群）叶绿体简单序列重复标记的开发和表征

摘要 日本樱花 (Prunus subgenus Cerasus; Rosaceae) 栽培品种以美丽的花朵为特征，是通过野生李属分类群之间的杂交产生的。对母系遗传的叶绿体 DNA 中的多态性分析是追踪这些栽培品种起源的有效补充方法。因此，为李属类群开发了一组新的叶绿体简单序列重复 (cpSSR) 标记，并评估了它们在跨物种扩增中的效用。从 13 个李属分类群的部分叶绿体基因组序列设计了五个标记。总的来说，我们在 311 个测试的个体中发现了 19 个单倍型。每个分类群中的单倍型数量、单倍型丰富度和单倍型多样性范围分别为 1 到 8、1 到 6.613 和 0 到 0.758。种内多样性（HS = 0.559）占总多样性（HT = 0.831）的主要部分，物种细分水平，GST，为0.327。这五个 cpSSR 标记具有高度多态性，它们不仅可用于追踪品种起源，还可用于研究李属的种群结构、多样性和系统地理学。