The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on September 25th, 2015with the intention of being achieved by 2030. The SDGs were designed to be a “blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all.” While some people argue that the SDGs are too broad and include some contradicting issues between development and environmental protection, many countries and related organizations over the globe have diligently worked to achieve them with specific subgoals with timelines. The 17 SDGs are not exclusive of one another, but interrelated for securing sustainable development: SDGs 1–7 and 10 for improving people’s dignity and livelihoods; SDGs 8–9 for promoting prosperity; SDG 11 formaking sustainable cities; SDGs 12–15 for protecting the Earth; SDG 16 for promoting peaceful and inclusive society; and SDG 17 for developing global partnerships at all levels (United Nations 2015). Research using Earth observations andgeographic information science (GIScience), the core scope of GIScience and Remote Sensing journal, has great potential for successful completion of the SDGs, and often provided valuable contributions to some of the 17 SDGs from various perspectives. Among the 17 SDGs, Earth observations and GIScience have contributed to Goals 2, 3, 6, 11, and 13–15. SDG 2 is directly related to food security and sustainable agriculture. Earth observation data collected by various satellite and airborne sensors have been widely used in agricultural sectors. The related research and applications include crop classification and monitoring, crop yield estimation, and the impact of disasters such as drought and floods to crop yield. For example, there has been efforts to monitor croplands with high spatial resolution at continental or global scale using satellite observations (Löw et al. 2018; Gumma et al. 2020). Earth observation data, spatial modeling, and risk analysis have been also used for the sustainablemanagement of the environment so to ensure the healthy lives of people (SDG 3). Air quality monitoring, risk assessment of air pollution and heat stress, accessibility to public infrastructure (e.g. health facilities) fall into the category, and papers on these topics have been published in the journal (Song et al. 2018; Song and Wu 2018). Water shortage has been a critical problem in many countries due to various reasons such as drought, pollution, and massive wastefulness. In order to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water (SDG 6), remote sensing data have been used for inland water quality monitoring, and drought monitoring and assessment (Asbury and Aly 2019; Wallace et al. 2017). Urban remote sensing and spatial modeling directly fall into SDG 11 to make sustainable cities. Urban sprawl modeling and future projection are frequently conducted using remote sensing data and spatial modeling techniques (Feng and Tong 2019). In addition, delineation of local climate zones in mega urban areas, urban heat island effect analysis, the effect of urban greenness, the trends of migration and population movement, and urban disaster monitoring have been published in the journal (Cao et al. 2019; Weng et al. 2019). The research findings from these studies can be used for future urban planning to make cities more sustainable and resilient. SDGs 13–15 are closely related to the conservation of the environment and the sustainable use of Earth resources. There have been tons of studies published in GIScience and Remote Sensing, focusing on these goals utilizing Earth observation data. Although the three goals have different targets (i.e. climate change and its impact (Goal 13), sustainable use ofmarine (Goal 14) and terrestrial (Goal 15) resources), they are related in that we should conserve and sustainably use the Earth resources to minimize the impact of ongoing climate change. The specific research topics falling into these Goals are not limited to satellite-based El Nino analysis, Arctic sea ice and snowmelt monitoring, and spatiotemporal vegetation dynamics for Goal 13 (e.g. Kim et al. 2018); mangrove mapping and change detection, eutrophication in coastal water and estimation of gross primary production in the Ocean for Goal 14 (e.g. Berlanga-Robles, Ruiz-Luna, and Villanueva 2019); and land cover/use classification and change detection, vegetationmonitoring, deforestation, and biodiversity analysis for Goal 15 (e.g. Li et al. 2019). GIScience and Remote Sensing has recently published four special issues, which are closely related to several of the SDGs. The special issue of air quality monitoring, assessment and forecasting published in March 2020 contains various contents related to Goals 3 and 11. The special issue of remote sensing of our changing landscapes published in 2018 documents recent advances in GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING 2020, VOL. 57, NO. 5, 591–592 https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2020.1763041

中文翻译：

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实现可持续发展目标的地球观测和地理信息科学

联合国大会于 2015 年 9 月 25 日通过了 17 项可持续发展目标 (SDG)，旨在到 2030 年实现。这些可持续发展目标旨在成为“为所有人实现更美好、更可持续的未来的蓝图”。虽然有人认为可持续发展目标过于宽泛，包括发展与环境保护之间的一些矛盾问题，但全球许多国家和相关组织都在努力实现这些目标，并制定了具体的子目标和时间表。17 项可持续发展目标并不相互排斥，而是相互关联以确保可持续发展：可持续发展目标 1-7 和 10 用于改善人们的尊严和生计；促进繁荣的可持续发展目标 8-9；SDG 11 建设可持续城市；保护地球的可持续发展目标 12-15；SDG 16 促进和平与包容的社会；和可持续发展目标 17，用于在各级发展全球伙伴关系（联合国 2015 年）。使用地球观测和地理信息科学（GIScience）的研究是 GIScience and Remote Sensing 期刊的核心范围，对于成功完成 SDGs 具有巨大的潜力，并且经常从各个角度为 17 个 SDGs 中的一些提供有价值的贡献。在 17 个可持续发展目标中，地球观测和地理信息科学对目标 2、3、6、11 和 13-15 做出了贡献。SDG 2 与粮食安全和可持续农业直接相关。各种卫星和机载传感器收集的地球观测数据已广泛应用于农业部门。相关研究和应用包括作物分类与监测、作物产量估算、以及干旱和洪水等灾害对作物产量的影响。例如，已经努力使用卫星观测在大陆或全球范围内监测具有高空间分辨率的农田（Löw 等人，2018 年；Gumma 等人，2020 年）。地球观测数据、空间建模和风险分析也被用于环境的可持续管理，以确保人们的健康生活（可持续发展目标 3）。空气质量监测、空气污染和热应激的风险评估、公共基础设施（例如卫生设施）的可及性都属于此类，关于这些主题的论文已发表在该杂志上（宋等人 2018 年；宋和吴 2018 年） . 由于干旱、污染和大量浪费等各种原因，缺水已成为许多国家的一个严重问题。为了确保水资源的可用性和可持续管理（可持续发展目标 6），遥感数据已用于内陆水质监测以及干旱监测和评估（Asbury 和 Aly 2019；Wallace 等，2017）。城市遥感和空间建模直接属于可持续发展城市的 SDG 11。城市蔓延建模和未来预测经常使用遥感数据和空间建模技术进行（Feng and Tong 2019）。此外，特大城市区域局地气候区划定、城市热岛效应分析、城市绿化效应、迁移人口流动趋势、城市灾害监测等已发表在该期刊上（Cao et al. 2019; Weng 等人，2019 年）。这些研究的研究结果可用于未来的城市规划，使城市更具可持续性和弹性。SDGs 13-15 与环境保护和地球资源的可持续利用密切相关。在 GIScience and Remote Sensing 上发表了大量研究，重点是利用地球观测数据实现这些目标。虽然这三个目标有不同的目标（即气候变化及其影响（目标 13）、可持续利用海洋（目标 14）和陆地（目标 15）资源），但它们的相关性在于我们应该保护和可持续地利用地球资源，尽量减少持续气候变化的影响。属于这些目标的具体研究课题不仅限于基于卫星的厄尔尼诺现象分析、北极海冰和融雪监测、目标 13 的时空植被动态（例如 Kim 等人，2018 年）；红树林测绘和变化检测、沿海水域的富营养化以及目标 14 的海洋初级生产总值估算（例如 Berlanga-Robles、Ruiz-Luna 和 Villanueva 2019）；目标 15 的土地覆盖/使用分类和变化检测、植被监测、森林砍伐和生物多样性分析（例如 Li 等人，2019 年）。GIScience and Remote Sensing 最近出版了四期特刊，与一些可持续发展目标密切相关。2020 年 3 月出版的空气质量监测、评估和预测特刊包含与目标 3 和 11 相关的各种内容。 2018 年出版的遥感我们不断变化的景观特刊记录了 GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING 2020, VOL. 的最新进展。57，没有。5、