ABSTRACT Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a key topic in urban climate studies. However, systematic criteria for UHI comparisons were lacking prior to 2012, when the concept of Local Climate Zones (LCZs) was introduced. By relating remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) to LCZs, we explored the applicability of LCZs in surface urban heat island (SUHI) investigations and compared the LST variation within and among LCZs for the Austin, San Antonio, and Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan areas in Texas, United States. Landsat 8 images from one summer and one winter day in 2015 were used to obtain LSTs to measure and model SUHIs. LCZs that were characterized by different land covers had the greatest LST variations, and LCZs that were further characterized by various urban morphological properties (including building density and height of roughness) also showed significant LST differences. Moreover, LCZ 9 (sparsely built), LCZ 10 (heavy industry), LCZ D (low plants), LCZ E (bare rock or paved), and LCZ F (bare soil or sand) tended to contribute to contradictory heating/cooling effects in different metropolitan areas, primarily due to the spatial arrangement and geographic locations of LCZs. The close association between LCZs and LST demonstrates that LCZs are valuable for comparative analysis of the SUHI phenomenon between different cities and can be helpful for examination of the evolution of SUHIs over time. Our findings further suggest that understanding the spatial distribution of LCZs can benefit the development of mitigation strategies for SUHIs.

中文翻译：

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使用当地气候带调查德克萨斯州的地表城市热岛

摘要 城市热岛（UHI）是城市气候研究的一个关键课题。然而，在 2012 年引入局部气候区 (LCZ) 概念之前，缺乏 UHI 比较的系统标准。通过将遥感地表温度 (LST) 与 LCZ 相关联，我们探索了 LCZ 在地表城市热岛 (SUHI) 调查中的适用性，并比较了奥斯汀、圣安东尼奥和达拉斯-沃斯堡大都市的 LCZ 内部和之间的 LST 变化美国德克萨斯州的地区。使用 2015 年一夏一冬的 Landsat 8 图像获取 LST 以测量和模拟 SUHI。以不同土地覆盖为特征的 LCZ 具有最大的 LST 变化，以各种城市形态特征（包括建筑密度和粗糙度高度）进一步表征的 LCZ 也显示出显着的 LST 差异。此外，LCZ 9（稀疏建造）、LCZ 10（重工业）、LCZ D（低矮植物）、LCZ E（裸岩或铺砌）和 LCZ F（裸土或沙子）往往会导致相互矛盾的加热/冷却效果在不同的大都市区，主要是由于 LCZ 的空间布局和地理位置。LCZs 和 LST 之间的密切关联表明 LCZs 对比较分析不同城市之间的 SUHI 现象很有价值，并且有助于检查 SUHIs 随时间的演变。我们的研究结果进一步表明，了解 LCZ 的空间分布有助于制定 SUHI 缓解策略。