ABSTRACT The climate in southern Iceland has warmed over the last 70 years, resulting in accelerated glacier dynamics at the Solheimajoküll glacier. In this study, we compare glacier terminus locations from 1973 to 2018, to changes in climate across the study area, and we derive ice-surface velocities (2015–2018) from satellite remote-sensing imagery (Sentinel-1) using the offset-tracking method. There have been two regional temperature trends in the study period: cooling (1973–1979) and warming (1980–2018). Our results indicate a time lag of about 20 years between the onset of glacier retreat (−53 m/year since 2000) and the inception of the warming period. Seasonally, the velocity time series suggest acceleration during the summer melt season since 2016, whereas glacier velocities during accumulation months were constant. The highest velocities were observed at high elevations where the ice-surface slope is the steepest. We tested several scenarios to assess the hydrological time response to glacier accelerations, with the highest correlations being found between one and 30 days after the velocity estimates. Monthly correlation analyses indicated inter-annual and intra-annual variability in the glacier dynamics. Additionally, we investigate the linkage between glacier velocities and meltwater outflow parameters as they provide useful information about internal processes in the glacier. Velocity estimates positively correlate with water level and negatively correlate with water conductivity between April and August. There is also a disruption in the correlation trend between water conductivity and ice velocity in June, potentially due to a seasonal release of geothermal water.

中文翻译：

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使用冰岛 Solheimajoküll Glacier 的 Sentinel-1 数据分析冰动态

摘要 在过去的 70 年里，冰岛南部的气候变暖，导致 Solheimajoküll 冰川的冰川动态加速。在这项研究中，我们将 1973 年至 2018 年的冰川终点位置与整个研究区域的气候变化进行了比较，并使用偏移量从卫星遥感图像 (Sentinel-1) 推导出冰面速度 (2015-2018)。跟踪方法。研究期间出现了两个区域温度趋势：降温（1973-1979）和变暖（1980-2018）。我们的结果表明冰川退缩开始（自 2000 年以来为 -53 m/年）和变暖期开始之间存在大约 20 年的时间滞后。季节性地，速度时间序列表明自 2016 年以来夏季融化季节加速，而积累月份的冰川速度是恒定的。在冰面坡度最陡的高海拔地区观察到最高速度。我们测试了几种情景来评估对冰川加速度的水文时间响应，在速度估计后的 1 到 30 天之间发现了最高的相关性。每月相关性分析表明冰川动态的年际和年内变化。此外，我们研究了冰川速度和融水流出参数之间的联系，因为它们提供了有关冰川内部过程的有用信息。4 月至 8 月期间，速度估计值与水位呈正相关，与水电导率呈负相关。6月份水电导率与冰速的相关趋势也出现了中断，