Whilst astronomy as a science is historically founded on observations at optical wavelengths, studying the Universe in other bands has yielded remarkable discoveries, from pulsars in the radio, signatures of the Big Bang at submm wavelengths, through to high energy emission from accreting, gravitationally-compact objects and the discovery of gamma-ray bursts. Unsurprisingly, the result of combining multiple wavebands leads to an enormous increase in diagnostic power, but powerful insights can be lost when the sources studied vary on timescales shorter than the temporal separation between observations in different bands. In July 2015, the workshop "Paving the way to simultaneous multi-wavelength astronomy" was held as a concerted effort to address this at the Lorentz Center, Leiden. It was attended by 50 astronomers from diverse fields as well as the directors and staff of observatories and spaced-based missions. This community white paper has been written with the goal of disseminating the findings of that workshop by providing a concise review of the field of multi-wavelength astronomy covering a wide range of important source classes, the problems associated with their study and the solutions we believe need to be implemented for the future of observational astronomy. We hope that this paper will both stimulate further discussion and raise overall awareness within the community of the issues faced in a developing, important field.

中文翻译：

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为同步多波长天文学铺平道路

虽然天文学作为一门科学历史上建立在光学波长的观测上，但研究其他波段的宇宙已经产生了非凡的发现，从无线电中的脉冲星、亚毫米波长的大爆炸特征，到吸积、引力产生的高能量发射——致密物体和伽马射线暴的发现。不出所料，组合多个波段的结果导致诊断能力的巨大增加，但是当研究的来源在比不同波段观测之间的时间间隔更短的时间尺度上变化时，可能会失去强大的洞察力。2015 年 7 月，在莱顿的洛伦兹中心举办了“为同步多波长天文学铺平道路”研讨会，共同努力解决这个问题。来自不同领域的 50 位天文学家以及天文台和太空任务的负责人和工作人员参加了此次会议。编写本社区白皮书的目的是通过对多波长天文学领域的简要回顾，涵盖范围广泛的重要源类别、与其研究相关的问题以及我们认为的解决方案，传播该研讨会的发现需要为观测天文学的未来实施。我们希望这篇论文既能激发进一步的讨论，又能提高社区对这个发展中的重要领域所面临问题的整体认识。编写本社区白皮书的目的是通过简要回顾多波长天文学领域，涵盖广泛的重要源类别、与其研究相关的问题以及我们认为的解决方案，从而传播该研讨会的发现需要为观测天文学的未来实施。我们希望这篇论文既能激发进一步的讨论，又能提高社区对这个发展中的重要领域所面临问题的整体认识。编写本社区白皮书的目的是通过对多波长天文学领域的简要回顾，涵盖范围广泛的重要源类别、与其研究相关的问题以及我们认为的解决方案，传播该研讨会的发现需要为观测天文学的未来实施。我们希望这篇论文既能激发进一步的讨论，又能提高社区对这个发展中的重要领域所面临问题的整体认识。