Going beyond the desktop to leverage novel devices—such as smartphones, tablets, or large displays—for visual sensemaking typically requires supporting extraneous operations for device discovery, interaction sharing, and view management. Such operations can be time-consuming and tedious and distract the user from the actual analysis. Embodied interaction models in these multi-device environments can take advantage of the natural interaction and physicality afforded by multimodal devices and help effectively carry out these operations in visual sensemaking. In this article, we present cross-device interaction models for visualization spaces, that are embodied in nature, by conducting a user study to elicit actions from participants that could trigger a portrayed effect of sharing visualizations (and therefore information) across devices. We then explore one common interaction style from this design elicitation called Visfer, a technique for effortlessly sharing visualizations across devices using the visual medium. More specifically, this technique involves taking pictures of visualizations, or rather the QR codes augmenting them, on a display using the built-in camera on a handheld device. Our contributions include a conceptual framework for cross-device interaction and the Visfer technique itself, as well as transformation guidelines to exploit the capabilities of each specific device and a web framework for encoding visualization components into animated QR codes, which capture multiple frames of QR codes to embed more information. Beyond this, we also present the results from a performance evaluation for the visual data transfer enabled by Visfer. We end the article by presenting the application examples of our Visfer framework.

中文翻译：

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Visfer：用于跨设备可视化的基于相机的视觉数据传输

超越桌面以利用新型设备（例如智能手机、平板电脑或大型显示器）进行视觉感知通常需要支持用于设备发现、交互共享和视图管理的无关操作。此类操作可能既费时又乏味，并且会分散用户对实际分析的注意力。这些多设备环境中的具体交互模型可以利用多模式设备提供的自然交互和物理性，并帮助有效地执行这些视觉感知操作。在本文中，我们通过进行用户研究来引出参与者的行为，这些行为可能触发跨设备共享可视化（以及信息）的描绘效果，从而展示了自然体现的可视化空间的跨设备交互模型。然后，我们从这种称为 Visfer 的设计引出中探索一种常见的交互风格，这是一种使用视觉媒体在设备之间轻松共享可视化的技术。更具体地说，这项技术涉及使用手持设备上的内置摄像头在显示器上拍摄可视化图片，或者更确切地说是增强它们的二维码。我们的贡献包括跨设备交互的概念框架和 Visfer 技术本身，以及利用每个特定设备功能的转换指南和用于将可视化组件编码为动画二维码的网络框架，这些二维码捕获多帧二维码嵌入更多信息。除此之外，我们还展示了 Visfer 支持的可视化数据传输的性能评估结果。