ABSTRACT Burrowing sea anemones have a simple morphology with an elongate body and a round aboral end that anchors the animal into mud, sand, or gravel, leaving only the tentacle crown exposed. Edwardsiids are easily differentiated from other burrowing sea anemones by their distinctive mesentery arrangement of eight unpaired macrocnemes at midcolumn with microcnemes restricted to the distal column at the base of the tentacles. Though edwardsiids may be frequently collected in biodiversity surveys, oceanographic expeditions, and ecological monitoring projects, their identification is particularly hampered by their small size, the need for histology, the high number of undescribed species, and the few specialists able to identify them. Scolanthus belongs to the subfamily Edwardsiinae, which is characterized by nemathybomes; it is differentiated from other members of the subfamily by having nemathybomes with basitrichs and periderm in the proximal end, at least eight microcnemes, and 16 or more tentacles in adults. The 14 valid species of Scolanthus are distributed worldwide, but only four species have been recorded from waters deeper than 100 m (S. ingolfi, 1461 m; S. nidarosiensis, 125–150 m; S. intermedius, 223 m; S. triangulus, 71–271 m). Here we describe Scolanthus shrimp, sp. nov., and S. celticus, sp. nov., the first two sea anemones recorded from the deep-sea Whittard Canyon off the coast of Ireland. We provide detailed morphological descriptions of the new species, including micro-CT scanning of S. celticus, and differentiate them from other species in the genus. We also generate a phylogeny using five molecular markers (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, CO3) to establish the phylogenetic position of the new species. Based on our results, we discuss the relationship of Scolanthus to other edwardsiid genera and implications for the morphology and evolution of the group.

中文翻译：

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来自爱尔兰西南海岸惠特德峡谷的两种新的深海穴居海葵（刺胞动物：猕猴桃科）

摘要 穴居海葵具有简单的形态，具有细长的身体和圆形的下端，将动物固定在泥、沙或砾石中，只留下触手冠暴露。Edwardsiids 很容易与其他穴居海葵区分开来，因为它们独特的肠系膜排列有 8 个不成对的巨线虫在中柱，而微线虫仅限于触手底部的远端柱。尽管在生物多样性调查、海洋学考察和生态监测项目中可能经常收集爱德华蜥蜴，但它们的识别尤其受到其体积小、需要组织学、大量未描述物种以及能够识别它们的专家的阻碍。Scolanthus属于Edwardsiinae亚科，其特征是nemathybomes；它与该亚科的其他成员的区别在于，线虫的近端有basitrichs 和外皮，成虫至少有8 个微孔虫和16 个或更多的触手。Scolanthus 的 14 种有效物种分布于世界各地，但只有 4 种在深度超过 100 m 的水域中被记录（S. ingolfi，1461 m；S. nidarosiensis，125-150 m；S. intermedius，223 m；S. triangulus , 71–271 m)。在这里，我们描述 Scolanthus 虾，sp。nov., 和 S. celticus, sp. 11 月，从爱尔兰海岸外的深海惠特德峡谷记录到的前两种海葵。我们提供了新物种的详细形态描述，包括 S. celticus 的显微 CT 扫描，并将它们与该属中的其他物种区分开来。我们还使用五个分子标记（12S、16S、18S、28S、CO3) 来确定新物种的系统发育位置。根据我们的研究结果，我们讨论了 Scolanthus 与其他 edwardsiid 属的关系以及对群体形态和进化的影响。