Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) involves the capture and use of CO₂ as a resource to create valuable products. The competitiveness of various CCU technologies has been investigated frequently resulting in a variety of economic feasibility studies and economic indicators. This study performs a tutorial review, in which practical guidance is given on the implementation of Techno-Economic Assessments (TEAs) for chemical CCU technologies. The tutorial review maps the differences in the methods and assumptions of economic feasibility studies for CCU technologies and advises how these studies can be improved in the future. A TEA framework, drafted by the CCU research community, is used as a benchmark in this review, to allow for objective comparisons between various economic feasibility studies. The four phases of an exhaustive TEA are (I) goal and scope, (II) data inventory, (III) calculation of indicators and (IV) interpretation. The tutorial review reveals that economic feasibility studies for chemical CCU technologies can and should be improved in various manners. Phases I and II are often skipped or incomplete. In Phase III, a very diverse indicator set is observed, which hampers comparability across CCU technologies. Phase IV, the interpretation of results, is often missing in the literature set or lacks thorough uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. The comparison with the TEA framework revealed the diversity in assumptions and methodological choices in the literature set. These findings suggest that future economic feasibility studies should be made in a more standardized way to improve both the quality and comparability of economic feasibility studies. Four improvements to the TEA framework are suggested: (i) focussing more on the impact of technical parameters in sensitivity analyses, (ii) adapting the assessment to the TRL of the technology, (iii) implementing ROA in the TEA and (iv) integrating an environmental assessment or LCA with the TEA. Further research is needed to investigate how Real Options Theory can be integrated into conventional TEA frameworks to analyse the investment decision in CCU technologies in a dynamic setting.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

---

碳捕集和利用技术的经济可行性研究：教程回顾

碳捕获和利用 (CCU) 涉及 CO ₂的捕获和使用作为创造有价值产品的资源。经常对各种 CCU 技术的竞争力进行调查，从而产生了各种经济可行性研究和经济指标。本研究进行了教程审查，其中就化学 CCU 技术的技术经济评估 (TEA) 的实施提供了实用指导。教程回顾描绘了 CCU 技术经济可行性研究的方法和假设的差异，并建议未来如何改进这些研究。由 CCU 研究界起草的 TEA 框架用作本次审查的基准，以便对各种经济可行性研究进行客观比较。详尽 TEA 的四个阶段是 (I) 目标和范围，(II) 数据清单，（三）指标计算及（四）解释。教程审查表明，化学 CCU 技术的经济可行性研究可以而且应该以各种方式改进。阶段 I 和 II 经常被跳过或不完整。在第三阶段，观察到一个非常多样化的指标集，这阻碍了 CCU 技术之间的可比性。第四阶段，结果的解释，在文献集中经常缺失或缺乏彻底的不确定性和敏感性分析。与 TEA 框架的比较揭示了文献集中假设和方法选择的多样性。这些发现表明，未来的经济可行性研究应该以更标准化的方式进行，以提高经济可行性研究的质量和可比性。建议对 TEA 框架进行四项改进：(i) 在敏感性分析中更多地关注技术参数的影响，(ii) 使评估适应技术的 TRL，(iii) 在 TEA 中实施 ROA，以及 (iv) 将环境评估或 LCA 与 TEA 相结合。需要进一步研究以研究实物期权理论如何整合到传统的 TEA 框架中，以在动态环境中分析 CCU 技术的投资决策。

图形摘要