Paracetamol is the one of the most commonly used medications during pregnancy. However, its potential antiandrogenic effect has been suggested. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between maternal paracetamol use during pregnancy and anogenital distance (AGD) in male newborns from a Spanish birth cohort. The study included two hundred and seventy-seven mother-male child pairs with self-reported paracetamol use and frequency during each trimester of pregnancy. AGD measurements were taken employing standardized methods. The associations between maternal paracetamol use and AGD measures were evaluated using linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders and covariates. Overall, 61.7% of pregnant women consumed paracetamol at any time of pregnancy with an average of 9.43 (SD = 15.33) days throughout pregnancy. No associations between the maternal use of paracetamol or its frequency and AGD measures among different trimesters or during the whole pregnancy were found in the adjusted final models. A non-differential misclassification error may have occurred—the recall of paracetamol intake independent of AGD measurements—introducing bias towards the null hypothesis. Nevertheless, the current evidence suggests that paracetamol might have a potential antiandrogenic effect especially in the early stages of fetal development. Thus, it would be highly recommendable to pursue further studies to elucidate the potential effects of paracetamol in human perinatal health and its use among pregnant women.

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孕妇在怀孕期间使用扑热息痛与男性新生儿的肛门生殖器距离有关吗？NELA 出生队列的结果

扑热息痛是怀孕期间最常用的药物之一。然而，已经提出了其潜在的抗雄激素作用。本研究的目的是评估来自西班牙出生队列的男性新生儿在怀孕期间使用扑热息痛与肛门生殖器距离 (AGD) 之间的关联。该研究包括 277 对母男儿童，他们在怀孕的每个三个月期间自我报告了扑热息痛的使用和频率。AGD 测量采用标准化方法进行。使用线性回归模型评估母亲使用扑热息痛和 AGD 测量之间的关联，调整潜在的混杂因素和协变量。总体而言，61.7% 的孕妇在怀孕的任何时间服用扑热息痛，整个怀孕期间平均为 9.43 (SD = 15.33) 天。在调整后的最终模型中，未发现孕妇使用扑热息痛或其频率与不同孕期或整个妊娠期间的 AGD 测量值之间存在关联。可能发生了非差异性错误分类错误——对乙酰氨基酚摄入量的回忆与 AGD 测量无关——引入了对零假设的偏见。尽管如此，目前的证据表明扑热息痛可能具有潜在的抗雄激素作用，尤其是在胎儿发育的早期阶段。因此，强烈建议进行进一步的研究，以阐明扑热息痛对人类围产期健康的潜在影响及其在孕妇中的使用。