Cognitive decline with normal aging varies widely among individuals. This study aimed to investigate predictors of longitudinal changes in cognitive function in community-dwelling Korean adults aged 65 years and older. Data from 727 older adults who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) survey from 2006 (baseline) until 2018 (seventh wave) were used. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination. The participants were retrospectively classified into normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and moderate/severe cognitive impairment. Education, income, religion, living area, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, handgrip strength, functional dependency, depression, comorbidity, medications, fall experience, and unintentional weight loss were included as covariates. A linear mixed regression analysis showed that a steeper decline in cognitive function over time was significantly associated with parameters of poor socio-economic status, health conditions, and unhealthy behaviors. Individuals with mild cognitive impairment or moderate/severe cognitive impairment were likely to have steeper cognitive declines compared with individuals with normal cognition. The current findings of the study showed that age-related cognitive decline was multifactorial in older Korean adults.

中文翻译：

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韩国老年人认知功能变化的预测因素：2006-2018 年韩国老龄化纵向研究

正常衰老导致的认知衰退因人而异。本研究旨在调查 65 岁及以上韩国社区居民认知功能纵向变化的预测因素。使用了从 2006 年（基线）到 2018 年（第七波）参加韩国老龄化纵向研究 (KLoSA) 调查的 727 名老年人的数据。认知表现通过韩国简易精神状态检查进行评估。参与者被回顾性地分为正常认知、轻度认知障碍和中/重度认知障碍。教育、收入、宗教、居住区域、饮酒、吸烟、身体活动、握力、功能依赖、抑郁、合并症、药物、跌倒经历和无意的体重减轻被包括作为协变量。线性混合回归分析表明，随着时间的推移，认知功能的急剧下降与社会经济状况不佳、健康状况和不健康行为等参数显着相关。与认知正常的个体相比，轻度认知障碍或中度/重度认知障碍的个体的认知能力下降幅度更大。目前的研究结果表明，韩国老年人与年龄相关的认知能力下降是多因素的。与认知正常的个体相比，轻度认知障碍或中度/重度认知障碍的个体的认知能力下降幅度更大。该研究的当前结果表明，与年龄相关的认知能力下降在韩国老年人中是多因素的。与认知正常的个体相比，轻度认知障碍或中度/重度认知障碍的个体的认知能力下降幅度更大。该研究的当前结果表明，与年龄相关的认知能力下降在韩国老年人中是多因素的。