Background: The problem that the probiotic Clostridium butyricum (CB) alleviates ETEC K88-induced inflammation by regulating the activation of the TLR signaling pathway is not clear, thus, we carried out this study. 72 piglets (the average body weight is 7.09 ± 0.2 kg) were randomly divided three groups into 24 piglets per group. Pigs were fed a daily diet (NC, negative control), the diet tested by every day 1  109 CFU/mL ETEC K88 (PC, positive control), the basal diet supplemented with 5  105 CFU/g CB got challenge accepting ETEC K88 (PC+CB group), respectively. Results: Our results showed that CB pretreatment attenuated the effect of ETEC K88 by decreasing C-reactive protein (CRP), which was called tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. Histological examination revealed that CB pretreatment alleviated intestinal villi injury caused by ETEC K88 challenge. Furthermore, CB pretreatment promoted mRNA expression of the negative regulators of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, including myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88), toll-interacting protein (Tollip) and B cell CLL/lymphoma 3 (Bcl-3), in the intestines of ETEC K88-challenged piglets. ETEC K88-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) was attenuated by CB pretreatment. Conclusion: These findings indicate that CB helps to maintain and strengthen the shape of intestinal villi and limits detrimental inflammatory responses, partly by inhibiting toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) expression and inhibiting NF-κB p65, and promoting IBα activation and synergism among its negative regulators.

中文翻译：

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酪酸梭菌有助于减轻受到产肠毒素大肠杆菌 K88 攻击的断奶仔猪的炎症

背景：益生菌丁酸梭菌 (CB) 通过调节 TLR 信号通路的激活减轻 ETEC K88 诱导的炎症的问题尚不清楚，因此，我们进行了这项研究。72头仔猪（平均体重7.09±0.2kg）随机分为3组，每组24头。猪每天饲喂日粮（NC，阴性对照），每天测试的日粮为 1 × 109 CFU/mL ETEC K88（PC，阳性对照），补充有 5×105 CFU/g CB 的基础日粮接受 ETEC 挑战分别为 K88（PC+CB 组）。结果：我们的结果表明，CB 预处理通过降低 C 反应蛋白 (CRP)，即肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF-α) 和白细胞介素 6 (IL-6) 的产生来减弱 ETEC K88 的作用。组织学检查显示，CB 预处理减轻了 ETEC K88 攻击引起的肠绒毛损伤。此外，CB 预处理促进了 toll 样受体 (TLR) 信号传导负调节因子的 mRNA 表达，包括骨髓分化因子 (MyD88)、toll 相互作用蛋白 (Tollip) 和 B 细胞 CLL/淋巴瘤 3 (Bcl-3)，在ETEC K88 攻击仔猪的肠道。ETEC K88 诱导的核因子 kappa B (NF-κB) 和 B 细胞抑制剂 α (IκBα) 核因子 kappa 轻多肽基因增强子的核因子通过 CB 预处理减弱。结论：这些发现表明 CB 有助于维持和加强肠绒毛的形状并限制有害的炎症反应，部分是通过抑制 Toll 样受体 2 (TLR-2)，