Biological diversity is the basis for, and an indicator of biosphere integrity. Together with climate change, its loss is one of the two most important planetary boundaries. A halt in biodiversity loss is one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Current changes in biodiversity in the vast landmass of Siberia are at an initial stage of inventory, even though the Siberian environment is experiencing rapid climate change, weather extremes and transformation of land use and management. Biodiversity changes affect traditional land use by Indigenous People and multiple ecosystem services with implications for local and national economies. Here we review and analyse a large number of scientific publications, which are little known outside Russia, and we provide insights into Siberian biodiversity issues for the wider international research community. Case studies are presented on biodiversity changes for insect pests, fish, amphibians and reptiles, birds, mammals and steppe vegetation, and we discuss their causes and consequences.

生物多样性是生物圈完整性的基础和指标。它与气候变化一起成为两个最重要的地球边界之一。阻止生物多样性丧失是联合国可持续发展目标之一。尽管西伯利亚环境正在经历快速的气候变化、极端天气以及土地利用和管理的转变，但目前西伯利亚广阔陆地的生物多样性变化仍处于清查的初始阶段。生物多样性变化影响土著人民的传统土地利用和多种生态系统服务，对地方和国家经济产生影响。在这里，我们回顾和分析了大量在俄罗斯以外鲜为人知的科学出版物，并为更广泛的国际研究界提供有关西伯利亚生物多样性问题的见解。介绍了害虫、鱼类、两栖动物和爬行动物、鸟类、哺乳动物和草原植被生物多样性变化的案例研究，并讨论了其原因和后果。