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New fragmented electro-active biofilm (FAB) reactor to increase anode surface area and performance of microbial fuel cell
Environmental Systems Research Pub Date : 2021-06-11 , DOI: 10.1186/s40068-021-00234-4
Tesfalem Atnafu , Seyoum Leta

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is a promising sustainable future energy source with a renewable and abundant substrate. MFC critical drawbacks are anode surface area limitations and electrochemical loss. Recent studies recommend thick anode biofilm growth due to the synergetic effect between microbial communities. Engineering the anode surface area is the prospect of MFC. In this study, a microbial electrode jacket dish (MEJ-dish) was invented, first time to the authors’ knowledge, to support MFC anode biofilm growth. The MFC reactor with MEJ-dish was hypothesized to develop a variable biofilm thickens. This reactor is called a fragmented electro-active biofilm-microbial fuel cell (FAB-MFC). It was optimized for pH and MEJ-dish types and tested at a bench-scale. Fragmented (thick and thin) anode biofilms were observed in FAB-MFC but not in MFC. During the first five days and pH 7.5, maximum voltage (0.87 V) was recorded in MFC than FAB-MFC; however, when the age of the reactor increases, all the FAB-MFC gains momentum. It depends on the MEJ-dish type that determines the junction nature between the anode and MEJ-dish. At alkaline pH 8.5, the FAB-MFC generates a lower voltage relative to MFC. On the contrary, the COD removal was improved regardless of pH variation (6.5–8.5) and MEJ-dish type. The bench-scale studies support the optimization findings. Overall, the FAB improves the Coulombic efficiency by 7.4–9.6 % relative to MFC. It might be recommendable to use both FAB and non-FAB in a single MFC reactor to address the contradictory effect of increasing COD removal associated with the lower voltage at higher pH. This study showed the overall voltage generated was significantly higher in FAB-MFC than MFC within limited pH (6.5–7.5); relatively, COD removal was enhanced within a broader pH range (6.5–8.5). It supports the conclusion that FAB anode biofilms were vital for COD removal, and there might be a mutualism even though not participated in voltage generation. FAB could provide a new flexible technique to manage the anode surface area and biofilm thickness by adjusting the MEJ-dish size. Future studies may need to consider the number, size, and conductor MEJ-dish per electrode.

中文翻译:

新型破碎电活性生物膜 (FAB) 反应器可增加微生物燃料电池的阳极表面积和性能

微生物燃料电池 (MFC) 技术是一种具有可再生和丰富基质的有前途的可持续未来能源。MFC 的关键缺点是阳极表面积限制和电化学损失。由于微生物群落之间的协同作用,最近的研究建议厚阳极生物膜生长。设计阳极表面积是 MFC 的前景。在这项研究中,作者第一次发明了一种微生物电极夹套 (MEJ-dish),以支持 MFC 阳极生物膜的生长。假设带有 MEJ 盘的 MFC 反应器会产生可变的生物膜增厚。这种反应器被称为碎片电活性生物膜微生物燃料电池(FAB-MFC)。它针对 pH 值和 MEJ 培养皿类型进行了优化,并在实验室规模上进行了测试。在 FAB-MFC 中观察到碎片(厚和薄)阳极生物膜,但在 MFC 中未观察到。在前五天和 pH 值 7.5 期间,MFC 中记录的最大电压 (0.87 V) 比 FAB-MFC 记录的大;然而,随着反应堆年龄的增加,所有的 FAB-MFC 都获得了动力。它取决于决定阳极和 MEJ 盘之间结性质的 MEJ 盘类型。在碱性 pH 值 8.5 下,FAB-MFC 产生的电压低于 MFC。相反,无论 pH 值如何变化 (6.5-8.5) 和 MEJ-dish 类型,COD 去除率都有所提高。小规模研究支持优化结果。总体而言,FAB 相对于 MFC 将库仑效率提高了 7.4-9.6%。可能建议在单个 MFC 反应器中同时使用 FAB 和非 FAB,以解决在较高 pH 值下与较低电压相关的增加 COD 去除率的矛盾效应。该研究表明,在有限的 pH 值(6.5-7.5)内,FAB-MFC 产生的总电压明显高于 MFC;相对而言,COD 去除在更宽的 pH 范围内(6.5-8.5)得到增强。它支持 FAB 阳极生物膜对 COD 去除至关重要的结论,即使不参与电压产生,也可能存在共生关系。FAB 可以提供一种新的灵活技术,通过调整 MEJ 盘尺寸来管理阳极表面积和生物膜厚度。未来的研究可能需要考虑每个电极的数量、尺寸和导体 MEJ 盘。该研究表明,在有限的 pH 值(6.5-7.5)内,FAB-MFC 产生的总电压明显高于 MFC;相对而言,COD 去除在更宽的 pH 范围(6.5-8.5)内得到增强。它支持 FAB 阳极生物膜对 COD 去除至关重要的结论,即使不参与电压产生,也可能存在共生关系。FAB 可以提供一种新的灵活技术,通过调整 MEJ 盘尺寸来管理阳极表面积和生物膜厚度。未来的研究可能需要考虑每个电极的数量、尺寸和导体 MEJ 盘。该研究表明,在有限的 pH 值(6.5-7.5)内,FAB-MFC 产生的总电压明显高于 MFC;相对而言,COD 去除在更宽的 pH 范围内(6.5-8.5)得到增强。它支持 FAB 阳极生物膜对 COD 去除至关重要的结论,即使不参与电压产生,也可能存在共生关系。FAB 可以提供一种新的灵活技术,通过调整 MEJ 盘尺寸来管理阳极表面积和生物膜厚度。未来的研究可能需要考虑每个电极的数量、尺寸和导体 MEJ 盘。FAB 可以提供一种新的灵活技术,通过调整 MEJ 盘尺寸来管理阳极表面积和生物膜厚度。未来的研究可能需要考虑每个电极的数量、尺寸和导体 MEJ 盘。FAB 可以提供一种新的灵活技术,通过调整 MEJ 盘尺寸来管理阳极表面积和生物膜厚度。未来的研究可能需要考虑每个电极的数量、尺寸和导体 MEJ 盘。
更新日期:2021-06-11
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