As the main protein components of chromatin, histones play central roles in gene regulation as spools of winding DNA. Histones are subject to various modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, ubiquitination and citrullination, which affect gene transcription. Histone citrullination, a posttranscriptional modification catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes, is involved in human carcinogenesis. In this study, we highlighted the functions of histone citrullination in physiological regulation and tumors. Additionally, because histone citrullination involves forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the relationship between NETs and tumors was illustrated. Finally, the clinical application of histone citrullination and PAD inhibitors was discussed.

中文翻译：

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组蛋白瓜氨酸化：肿瘤的新靶点


作为染色质的主要蛋白质成分，组蛋白作为缠绕 DNA 的线轴在基因调控中发挥着核心作用。组蛋白会发生各种修饰，包括磷酸化、乙酰化、糖基化、甲基化、泛素化和瓜氨酸化，从而影响基因转录。组蛋白瓜氨酸化是一种由肽基精氨酸脱亚胺酶 (PAD) 催化的转录后修饰，与人类致癌作用有关。在这项研究中，我们强调了组蛋白瓜氨酸化在生理调节和肿瘤中的功能。此外，由于组蛋白瓜氨酸化涉及形成中性粒细胞胞外陷阱 (NET)，因此说明了 NET 与肿瘤之间的关系。最后讨论了组蛋白瓜氨酸化和PAD抑制剂的临床应用。