Maternal deprivation (MD) in early life severely disrupts hippocampal development, leading to persistent cognitive and behavior deficits. The current study uncovered that early MD (P1-P21) impaired spatial learning and memory capacity detected by Morris water maze (MWM) tests from juvenile (P31) to adult (P81) rats compared to age-matched controls. And the protein expression in hippocampus were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) before MWM, respectively. Protein changes in hippocampal were examined to identify the molecular pathways underlying MD-induced hippocampal dysfunction. There were 11 differentially expressed proteins analyzed between adult MD and control male rats, while the 8 proteins were then identified by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations of the identified proteins were related to neuronal and glial cytoskeletal dynamics, membrane signaling, stress responses, biosynthesis, and metabolism. The different expression proteins spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 (Sptan1), ATP-citrate synthase (Acly), and heat shock protein 90-alpha (Hsp90aa1) have been verified by western blot analysis, and their expression levels showed consistent with 2-DE analysis. In addition, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was also found reduced in adult hippocampus of MD rats. This study identifies candidate proteins encompassing a range of functional categories that may contribute to persistent learning and memory deficits due to early life MD.

生命早期的母亲剥夺 (MD) 严重扰乱海马发育，导致持续的认知和行为缺陷。目前的研究发现，早期 MD ( P 1- P 21) 损害了由青少年 ( P ) 的 Morris 水迷宫 (MWM) 测试检测到的空间学习和记忆能力。31) 成年 (P81) 大鼠与年龄匹配的对照组相比。MWM前采用二维凝胶电泳(2-DE)检测海马蛋白表达。检查海马中的蛋白质变化以确定 MD 诱导的海马功能障碍的分子途径。在成年 MD 和对照雄性大鼠之间分析了 11 种差异表达的蛋白质，然后通过 UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS 鉴定了 8 种蛋白质。已鉴定蛋白质的基因本体论 (GO) 注释与神经元和神经胶质细胞骨架动力学、膜信号传导、应激反应、生物合成和代谢有关。已通过蛋白质印迹分析验证了不同的表达蛋白 Spectrin α 链、非红细胞 1 (Sptan1)、ATP-柠檬酸合酶 (Acly) 和热休克蛋白 90-α (Hsp90aa1)，并且它们的表达水平与2-DE分析一致。此外，还发现 MD 大鼠成年海马神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP) 减少。本研究确定了包含一系列功能类别的候选蛋白质，这些功能类别可能导致早期 MD 导致的持续学习和记忆缺陷。