ABSTRACT

Introduction

Global emergence of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has clearly shown variable severity, mortality, and frequency between and within populations worldwide. These striking differences have made many biological variables attractive for future investigations. One of these variables, vitamin D, has been implicated in COVID-19 with rapidly growing scientific evidence.

Areas covered

The review intended to systematically explore the sources, and immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in COVID-19. Search engines and data sources including Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI, Scopus, and Web of Science were used for data collection. The search terms used were Vitamin D, COVID-19, immune system, and antiviral mechanism. Overall, 232 sources of information were collected and 188 were included in this review.

Expert opinion

Interaction of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) triggers the cellular events to modulate the immune system by regulation of many genes. Vitamin D operates as a double-edged sword against COVID-19. First, in macrophages, it promotes the production of antimicrobial and antiviral proteins like β-defensin 2 and cathelicidin, and these proteins inhibit the replication of viral particles and promote the clearance of virus from the cells by autophagy. Second, it suppresses cytokine storm and inflammatory processes in COVID-19.

中文翻译：

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维生素 D 通过调节促炎细胞因子、抗病毒蛋白和自噬来减轻 COVID-19 并发症

摘要

介绍

冠状病毒病 19 (COVID-19) 在全球范围内的出现清楚地表明，全球人群之间和内部的严重程度、死亡率和频率存在差异。这些显着差异使得许多生物变量对未来的研究具有吸引力。随着科学证据的迅速增加，维生素 D 就是这些变量之一，它与新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 有关。

覆盖领域

该综述旨在系统地探讨维生素 D 在 COVID-19 中的来源和免疫调节作用。数据收集使用了搜索引擎和数据源，包括 Google Scholar、PubMed、NCBI、Scopus 和 Web of Science。使用的搜索术语包括维生素 D、COVID-19、免疫系统和抗病毒机制。总体而言，收集了 232 个信息源，本次审查纳入了 188 个信息源。

专家意见

维生素 D 和维生素 D 受体 (VDR) 的相互作用会触发细胞事件，通过调节许多基因来调节免疫系统。维生素 D 是对抗 COVID-19 的双刃剑。首先，在巨噬细胞中，它促进β-防御素2和抗菌素等抗菌和抗病毒蛋白的产生，这些蛋白抑制病毒颗粒的复制，并通过自噬促进病毒从细胞中清除。其次，它抑制 COVID-19 中的细胞因子风暴和炎症过程。