Melanoma is derived from melanocytes located in multiple regions of the body. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) represents the major subgroup, but less-common subtypes including uveal melanoma (UM), mucosal melanoma (MM), and acral melanoma (AM) arise that have distinct genetic profiles. Treatments effective for CM are ineffective in UM, AM, and MM, and patient survival remains poor. As reprogrammed cancer metabolism is associated with tumorigenesis, the underlying mechanisms are well studied and provide therapeutic opportunities in many cancers; however, metabolism is less well studied in rarer melanoma subtypes. We summarize current knowledge of the metabolic alterations in rare melanoma and potential applications of targeting cancer metabolism to improve the therapeutic options available to UM, AM, and MM patients.

黑色素瘤来源于位于身体多个区域的黑色素细胞。皮肤黑色素瘤 (CM) 代表主要亚组，但较少见的亚型包括葡萄膜黑色素瘤 (UM)、黏膜黑色素瘤 (MM) 和肢端黑色素瘤 (AM)，它们具有不同的遗传特征。对 CM 有效的治疗在 UM、AM 和 MM 中无效，并且患者的存活率仍然很差。由于重编程的癌症代谢与肿瘤发生有关，因此对潜在机制进行了深入研究，并为许多癌症提供了治疗机会；然而，在罕见的黑色素瘤亚型中，代谢的研究较少。我们总结了目前关于罕见黑色素瘤代谢改变的知识以及靶向癌症代谢的潜在应用，以改善 UM、AM 和 MM 患者可用的治疗选择。