A comprehensive understanding of the effects of tillage practices on soil microbial communities is fundamental to a better understanding of their roles in maintaining or improving the stability of agroecosystems. However, little is known regarding soil microbial co-occurrence patterns and their function in ecosystems shaped by long-term tillage practices. The goal of the present study was to investigate the impact of no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and moldboard plow tillage (MP) practices on soil microbial interactions, central species and functional taxa as well as to investigate their associations with crop yields. The results showed that the average node degree was lower in the RT network than in the NT and MP networks of bulk and rhizosphere soils, indicating inefficient mutual effects among taxa and a more stable network structure induced by RT. Moldboard plow tillage resulted in the most fungal-fungal interactions (17.6%), while RT yielded the most bacterial-fungal interactions (32.3%) in the rhizosphere soils. The potential plant pathogens Fusarium were identified as hub node with most connections, and pathogen Sphingomonas and Clonostachys were found as central speices with those simultaneously termed as hub node and generalist in the MP network of rhizosphere soils. Intriguingly, these potential plant pathogens had negative correlations with crop yields in both bulk and rhizosphere soils, as determined by structural equation modeling (SEM). In contrast, RT might help to alleviate the ecological risks of the potential plant pathogens and increased the availability of soil nutrients mediated by central species, such as Nitrospira. These findings suggested RT as an optimal practice that could stabilize microbial network structure, alleviated the potential transmission of pathogens and finally enhance crop yields, providing a new perspective for tillage application in agroecosystems.

全面了解耕作方式对土壤微生物群落的影响对于更好地了解它们在维持或改善农业生态系统稳定性方面的作用至关重要。然而，关于土壤微生物共生模式及其在由长期耕作实践形成的生态系统中的功能知之甚少。本研究的目的是调查免耕 (NT)、减耕 (RT) 和犁板犁耕 (MP) 做法对土壤微生物相互作用、中心物种和功能类群的影响，并调查它们与农作物产量。结果表明，RT网络中的平均节点度低于块状和根际土壤的NT和MP网络，表明分类群之间的低效相互作用和 RT 诱导的更稳定的网络结构。犁板犁耕导致最多的真菌-真菌相互作用 (17.6%)，而 RT 在根际土壤中产生最多的细菌-真菌相互作用 (32.3%)。潜在的植物病原体镰刀被确定为集线器节点与大多数连接，以及病原体鞘氨和Clonostachys被发现与那些同时称为根际土壤的MP网络中的集线器节点和中央多面手speices。有趣的是，根据结构方程模型 (SEM)，这些潜在的植物病原体与大块土壤和根际土壤中的作物产量均呈负相关。相比之下，RT 可能有助于减轻潜在植物病原体的生态风险，并增加由中心物种（如Nitrospira）介导的土壤养分的可用性. 这些发现表明 RT 是一种最佳实践，可以稳定微生物网络结构，减轻病原体的潜在传播，最终提高作物产量，为农业生态系统中的耕作应用提供了新的视角。