Global biomass trade has risen sharply in recent decades. This development was accompanied by increasing concerns about adverse environmental impacts in exporting countries. In Austria, strong preference for food and bioenergy from domestic sources is prevalent, while especially biomass imports for energy are met with scepticism. We here investigate where biomass consumed in Austria originates from, and compare the source-region composition of biomass used for food, energy and material. High product-level detail is achieved by combining a physical consumption-based accounting approach with national statistics and process chain modelling. We find that 55% of the total biomass consumed in Austria originates from domestic forestry or agriculture and 30% from neighbouring countries. In all three use categories, the products with the largest biomass footprints (beef, pork, milk, cereal products, paper, wood fuels) are almost entirely sourced from Central Europe. Biomass originating from non-EU countries accounts for 7.6% of the primary biomass footprint and is most relevant for food (13%), primarily due to livestock feed imports. Although oil crop-based biofuels have relatively large primary biomass footprints overseas, bioenergy in Austria qualifies as more regional than food and material products.

近几十年来，全球生物质贸易急剧上升。这一发展伴随着对出口国不利环境影响的日益关注。在奥地利，对来自国内来源的食物和生物能源的强烈偏好是普遍存在的，而尤其是进口生物质能源则受到怀疑。我们在这里调查了奥地利消耗的生物质的来源，并比较了用于食物、能源和材料的生物质的来源区域组成。通过将基于实物消费的会计方法与国家统计数据和过程链建模相结合，可以实现高水平的产品细节。我们发现奥地利消耗的总生物质中有 55% 来自国内林业或农业，30% 来自邻国。在所有三个使用类别中，生物质足迹最大的产品（牛肉、猪肉、牛奶、谷物产品、纸张、木材燃料）几乎全部来自中欧。来自非欧盟国家的生物质占主要生物质足迹的 7.6%，与食品最相关 (13%)，主要是由于牲畜饲料进口。尽管基于油料作物的生物燃料在海外的初级生物质足迹相对较大，但奥地利的生物能源比食品和材料产品更具区域性。