Beef can easily be contaminated with bacteria during the meat production chain. In this work, we studied the contamination levels of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB) and thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB) on raw beef surfaces from small shops in Helsinki, Finland and meat markets in Benin City, Nigeria. We also investigated the prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Listeria, and cephalosporin-resistant E. coli (CREC). In total, one hundred unpacked raw beef samples from Finland and Nigeria were collected in 2019. The median MAB and TCB counts were significantly (P < 0.001) higher on beef from Nigeria than from Finland. The median MAB and TCB counts in Nigeria were 7.5 and 4.0 log₁₀ cfu/cm², respectively, and 6.5 and 2.8 log₁₀ cfu/cm² in Finland, respectively. Most (94%) Nigerian samples were unacceptable according to limits set by the EU. Beef samples from meat markets in Benin City were significantly (P < 0.05) more frequently contaminated with Salmonella, STEC, and CREC than beef samples from small shops in Helsinki. Salmonella, STEC, and CREC were isolated from 30, 36, and 96% of Nigerian samples, respectively, and from <2, 12, and 2% of Finnish samples, respectively. Our study demonstrates a significant difference between the bacterial contaminations of raw beef in Nigeria and Finland, along with a possible misuse of cephalosporins in animal husbandry in Nigeria.

牛肉在肉类生产链中很容易被细菌污染。在这项工作中，我们研究了芬兰赫尔辛基小商店和尼日利亚贝宁市肉类市场的生牛肉表面中温需氧菌 (MAB) 和耐热大肠菌群 (TCB) 的污染水平。我们还研究盛行沙门氏菌，弯曲杆菌属，耶尔森氏菌属，志贺毒素的大肠杆菌（STEC），李斯特氏菌，和耐头孢菌素大肠杆菌(CREC)。2019 年总共收集了 100 份来自芬兰和尼日利亚的未包装生牛肉样品。 尼日利亚牛肉的 MAB 和 TCB 计数中位数显着高于芬兰（P < 0.001）。尼日利亚的 MAB 和 TCB 计数中位数分别为 7.5 和 4.0 log ₁₀  cfu/cm ²，芬兰分别为6.5 和 2.8 log ₁₀  cfu/cm ²。根据欧盟设定的限制，大多数（94%）尼日利亚样本是不可接受的。来自贝宁市肉类市场的牛肉样品比来自赫尔辛基小商店的牛肉样品更容易受到沙门氏菌、STEC 和 CREC污染（P < 0.05）。沙门氏菌、STEC 和 CREC 分别从 30%、36% 和 96% 的尼日利亚样本中分离，并且分别从 <2%、12% 和 2% 的芬兰样本中分离出来。我们的研究表明，尼日利亚和芬兰生牛肉的细菌污染存在显着差异，而且尼日利亚可能在畜牧业中滥用头孢菌素。