Bisphenol A (BPA) and its alternatives, including BPF and BPS, exhibit endocrine disruption activities. However, the effects of bisphenols on fetal growth in twins remain unclear. To explore the associations of prenatal BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure with birth outcome differences in twins. We recruited 289 twin pregnant women who visited the hospital for prenatal examination during the first trimester from 2013 to 2016. Urinary bisphenol levels were determined during the first, second, and third trimesters. The associations of maternal exposure to bisphenols with birth outcome differences in twins were analyzed after stratification by different trimesters. We applied the multiple informant model to estimate trimester-specific associations between urinary bisphenol concentrations and birth outcome differences in twins. We found low reproducibility (ICC<0.40) for maternal urinary BPA and moderate reproducibility (0.40 < ICC<0.75) for BPF and BPS. Urinary BPA concentrations were positively associated with within-pair twin birth weight difference when comparing the third vs. the first tertile in each of the three trimesters (i.e., 133.06 g, 95% CI: 68.19, 197.94; 144.5 g, 95%CI: 81.82–207.18 g; and 135.04 g, 95%CI: 71.37–198.71 g for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester, respectively). The effect of urinary BPA concentration on increased birth length difference within-pair twins were also observed across different trimesters (All P for trends < 0.05). Urinary BPA levels were positively associated with the within-pair birth weight and birth length differences across pregnancy trimesters (All of Type 3 P for values < 0.05). Maternal BPA exposure appeared to influence birth wight and birth length differences in twins. Our results warrant further confirmation.

中文翻译：

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双胞胎出生结局差异与产前接触双酚A及其替代品的关系


双酚 A (BPA) 及其替代品，包括 BPF 和 BPS，具有内分泌干扰活性。然而，双酚对双胞胎胎儿生长的影响仍不清楚。探讨产前 BPA、BPF 和 BPS 暴露与双胞胎出生结果差异的关系。我们招募了2013年至2016年孕早期到医院进行产前检查的289名双胞胎孕妇，测定孕早期、中期和晚期的尿双酚水平。按不同妊娠期分层后，分析了母亲接触双酚与双胞胎出生结果差异的关联。我们应用多线模型来估计妊娠期特定的尿液双酚浓度与双胞胎出生结果差异之间的关联。我们发现母体尿液 BPA 的重现性较低 (ICC<0.40)，BPF 和 BPS 的重现性中等 (0.40 < ICC<0.75)。当比较三个妊娠期的第三个与第一个三分位数时，尿液 BPA 浓度与双胞胎内出生体重差异呈正相关（即 133.06 g，95% CI：68.19、197.94；144.5 g，95% CI：第 1、第 2 和第 3 三个月分别为 81.82–207.18 g；和 135.04 g，95% CI：71.37–198.71 g。在不同的妊娠期中还观察到尿 BPA 浓度对双胞胎内出生身长差异增加的影响（趋势的所有 P < 0.05）。尿液 BPA 水平与怀孕三​​个月内的出生体重和出生身长差异呈正相关（所有 3 P 型的值均 < 0.05）。母亲接触 BPA 似乎会影响双胞胎的出生体重和出生身长差异。我们的结果值得进一步确认。