Fishery demand for Antarctic krill is increasing, and projected to continue increasing into the future. Krill has the potential to contribute approximately 10% to all future marine landings, adding significantly to global food security. However, the fishery is effectively data-limited so is currently managed using precautionary assessments that relate to large spatial and temporal scales that preclude the need for fine-scale ecological data.

To respond to recent changes in fishery operation and to mitigate possible ecological impacts, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) plans to revise its management strategy so that it takes into account ecosystem operation at smaller spatial and temporal scales, such as those relevant to krill-dependent predators.

Here, we consider how catches in coastal areas potentially present challenges for these predators, where cumulative catches over the fishing season can sometimes be greater than local consumption by predators, and sometimes greater than the standing stock of krill within an area because of krill transport and replenishment by ocean currents. Protecting feeding areas used by land-based predators such as penguins and seals, whilst also offering a high level of protection for pelagic predators such as some species of fish and recovering populations of cetaceans, will require innovative solutions.

We highlight critical ecological research needed to reduce management uncertainty. This is important as we demonstrate that krill consumption by predators in near-shore coastal habitats relies absolutely upon krill movement and oceanographic transport. We also highlight the need to improve understanding about krill behaviour, especially in relation to observed seasonal changes in krill biomass. Finally, we highlight that without up-to-date data about changes in krill, krill-dependent predator populations and their oceanographic environment, management will remain challenging in the context of increasing fishing pressure, recovering populations of marine mammals and a changing climate.

对南极磷虾的渔业需求正在增加，预计未来将继续增加。磷虾有可能为所有未来的海上登陆贡献大约 10%，从而显着增加全球粮食安全。然而，渔业的数据实际上是有限的，因此目前使用与大空间和时间尺度相关的预防性评估进行管理，排除了对精细生态数据的需要。

为应对渔业作业的近期变化并减轻可能的生态影响，南极海洋生物资源保护委员会 (CCAMLR) 计划修订其管理战略，以便将较小时空尺度的生态系统运行考虑在内，例如作为与磷虾依赖的捕食者相关的那些。

在这里，我们考虑了沿海地区的捕捞量如何可能给这些捕食者带来挑战，由于磷虾运输和洋流补给。保护企鹅和海豹等陆地捕食者的觅食区，同时为某些鱼类等远洋捕食者提供高水平的保护并恢复鲸类种群，需要创新的解决方案。

我们强调了减少管理不确定性所需的关键生态研究。这很重要，因为我们证明了近岸沿海栖息地捕食者对磷虾的消耗完全依赖于磷虾的运动和海洋运输。我们还强调需要提高对磷虾行为的理解，尤其是与观察到的磷虾生物量季节性变化相关的知识。最后，我们强调，如果没有关于磷虾、依赖磷虾的捕食者种群及其海洋环境变化的最新数据，在捕捞压力增加、海洋哺乳动物种群恢复和气候变化的背景下，管理将仍然具有挑战性。