This paper discusses the dual role of the transport sector in the Covid-19 pandemic: spreading the virus around the world and being most negatively impacted by the pandemic. This paper describes and analyzes the following: (a) actions taken by the governments and international community in order to control the spreading and to alleviate negative economic impacts including massive fiscal and monetary stimulus funding; (b) detailed discussions on the impacts of the pandemic on air transport, rail and bus transport, and urban transit, and major countries’ responses to reduce the negative effects; (c) discussions on the positive effects of the pandemic on the environment and climate change by suggesting policy measures in order to make it sustainable over the long term. Finally, the paper addresses social acceptance issue of the behavioral changes necessary in the post-pandemic world, in particular reflecting historical experience of the Spanish flu case. We end the paper with some observations and discussion of the normative issues for a sustainable development of the transport sector.

本文讨论了运输部门在 Covid-19 大流行中的双重作用：在世界范围内传播病毒并受到大流行的最负面影响。本文描述和分析了以下内容：(a) 各国政府和国际社会为控制蔓延和减轻负面经济影响而采取的行动，包括大规模财政和货币刺激资金；(b) 详细讨论疫情对航空运输、铁路和公共汽车运输、城市交通的影响，以及主要国家为减少负面影响而采取的应对措施；(c) 讨论大流行病对环境和气候变化的积极影响，建议采取政策措施使其长期可持续。最后，该论文解决了大流行后世界中必要的行为改变的社会接受度问题，特别是反映了西班牙流感病例的历史经验。我们以对运输部门可持续发展的规范性问题的一些观察和讨论结束本文。