Our research examines the effect of combat deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan on casualties and combat exposure compensation policy. We use restricted data from the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) and Social Security Administration (SSA) to construct a panel of all US Active Duty service members having served at some point during the years 2001–2012. Casualties disproportionately occur at higher rates among (i) young, white, males, (ii) enlisted personnel, (iii) less educated personnel, and (iv) those in combat job types. Our estimates indicate that overall US military personnel who deployed in an individual year to Iraq or Afghanistan had a 45 per 100,000 higher probability of death than non-deployed military personnel who remained stateside. The increased fatal injury risk of deployed US military personnel is 15 times higher than the national average civilian workplace fatality rate, but roughly equal to the fatal injury risk faced in some of the most dangerous civilian occupations. Our estimates suggest a compensating wage differential equal to $861 per month would be appropriate in comparison to the current average of $1238 per month in danger pay provided to US military personnel deployed into combat zones. We recommend a revenue-neutral approach in adjusting the pay structure for military members. For example, the military should consider increasing bonuses or base pay while simultaneously decreasing danger pay by an equivalent amount. Furthermore, it may be beneficial to adjust danger pay by service or job type to reflect fatality risk more accurately.

中文翻译：

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战斗、伤亡和赔偿：来自伊拉克和阿富汗的证据

我们的研究考察了在伊拉克和阿富汗的战斗部署对伤亡和战斗暴露补偿政策的影响。我们使用来自国防人力数据中心 (DMDC) 和社会保障管理局 (SSA) 的受限数据来构建一个小组，该小组由在 2001 年至 2012 年的某个时间点服役的所有美国现役军人组成。在 (i) 年轻、白人、男性、(ii) 士兵、(iii) 受教育程度较低的人员和 (iv) 从事战斗工作类型的人员中，伤亡人数不成比例地更高。我们的估计表明，在一年内部署到伊拉克或阿富汗的美国军事人员的死亡概率比留在美国的未部署军事人员高 45/100,000。部署的美国军事人员增加的致命伤害风险比全国平均平民工作场所死亡率高 15 倍，但大致相当于一些最危险的平民职业面临的致命伤害风险。我们的估计表明，与目前为部署到战区的美国军事人员提供的危险津贴平均每月 1238 美元相比，相当于每月 861 美元的补偿性工资差异是合适的。我们建议在调整军人薪酬结构时采用收入中性的方法。例如，军队应该考虑增加奖金或基本工资，同时减少等量的危险工资。此外，按服务或工作类型调整危险报酬以更准确地反映死亡风险可能是有益的。