The aim of this study was to analyse the association between season of birth, temperature and neonatal mortality according to socioeconomic status in northern Sweden from 1880 to 1950. The source material for this study comprised digitised parish records combined with local weather data. The association between temperature, seasonality, socioeconomic status and neonatal mortality was modelled using survival analysis. We can summarise our findings according to three time periods. During the first period (1880–1899), temperature and seasonality had the greatest association with high neonatal mortality, and the socioeconomic differences in vulnerability were small. The second period (1900–1929) was associated with a decline in seasonal and temperature-related vulnerabilities among all socioeconomic groups. For the last period (1930–1950), a new regime evolved with rapidly declining neonatal mortality rates involving class-specific temperature vulnerabilities, and there was a particular effect of high temperature among workers. We conclude that the effect of season of birth on neonatal mortality was declining for all socioeconomic groups (1880–1950), whereas weather vulnerability was pronounced either when the socioeconomic disparities in neonatal mortality were large (1880–1899) or during transformations from high to low neonatal rates in the course of industrialisation and urbanisation.

本研究的目的是根据 1880 年至 1950 年瑞典北部的社会经济状况分析出生季节、温度和新生儿死亡率之间的关联。本研究的源材料包括数字化教区记录和当地天气数据。温度、季节性、社会经济状况和新生儿死亡率之间的关联使用生存分析建模。我们可以根据三个时间段总结我们的发现。在第一阶段（1880-1899 年），温度和季节性与新生儿高死亡率的相关性最大，脆弱性的社会经济差异很小。第二个时期（1900-1929 年）与所有社会经济群体的季节性和与温度相关的脆弱性下降有关。在最后一个时期（1930-1950），随着新生儿死亡率的迅速下降，涉及特定类别的温度脆弱性，新制度不断发展，高温对工人的影响特别大。我们得出的结论是，出生季节对所有社会经济群体（1880-1950 年）新生儿死亡率的影响都在下降，而当新生儿死亡率的社会经济差异很大时（1880-1899 年）或在从高到工业化和城市化进程中的低新生儿率。