Trust is essential in human-robot interactions, and in times where machines are yet to be fully reliable, it is important to study how robotic hardware faults can affect the human counterpart. This experiment builds on a previous research that studied trust changes in a game-like scenario with the humanoid robot iCub. Several robot hardware failures (validated in another online study) were introduced in order to measure changes in trust due to the unreliability of the iCub. A total of 68 participants took part in this study. For half of them, the robot adopted a transparent approach, explaining each failure after it happened. Participants' behaviour was also compared to the 61 participants that played the same game with a fully reliable robot in the previous study. Against all expectations, introducing manifest hardware failures does not seem to significantly affect trust, while transparency mainly deteriorates the quality of interaction with the robot.

中文翻译：

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期望与期望现实：Icub 寻宝游戏的不可靠性和透明度


信任在人机交互中至关重要，在机器尚未完全可靠的时代，研究机器人硬件故障如何影响人类对手非常重要。该实验建立在之前一项研究的基础上，该研究研究了类人机器人 iCub 在类似游戏场景中的信任变化。引入了几个机器人硬件故障（在另一项在线研究中得到验证），以衡量由于 iCub 不可靠而导致的信任变化。共有 68 名参与者参与了这项研究。对于其中一半，机器人采用了透明的方法，在每次故障发生后对其进行解释。参与者的行为还与之前研究中使用完全可靠的机器人玩同一游戏的 61 名参与者进行了比较。出乎所有人的意料，引入明显的硬件故障似乎并没有显着影响信任，而透明度主要会降低与机器人交互的质量。