An onboard energy storage system (OESS) withfast-energy-exchange capability is needed to enable future grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations. To facilitate the fast energy exchange, the OESS normally interfaces between a high voltage (HV) bus on the grid side and a low voltage (LV) bus on the vehicle side. The HV bus can be up to 1200 V, while the LV bus is as low as 48 V, which means a high conversion ratio is needed. Resonant converters are commonly used for OESS and designed with large characteristic impedance for wide-range output power and zero-voltage-switching operation. However, such a design leads to large volume and complex customization of the magnetic components. In this paper, a high-conversion-ratio OESS is proposed, which is based on interleaved quasi-resonant converters with small characteristic impedance. The resonant converters are of modular design with a small characteristic impedance to achieve small volume, low cost, and simple customization. Interleaved in LV-side-parallel and HV-side-series configuration, a high conversion ratio can be achieved. Moreover, modulated in quasi-resonant operations, all the switches can realize soft switching even at light load conditions for high efficiency. Burst control for output regulation is implemented in each modular quasi-resonant converter, while interleaved control is implemented between them to minimize the current ripple. The proposed design and control are validated by a compact 5 kW prototype with a charging/discharging current of 100 A, high power efficiency of 98.91%, a high power density of 3.86 W/cm 3 , and high-conversion-ratio (up to 20: 1) power flow between a 1000 VDC HV bus and a 48 VDC LV bus.

中文翻译：

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基于交错式高转换比小特性阻抗准谐振变换器的车载储能系统


需要具有快速能量交换能力的车载储能系统（OESS）来实现未来的电网到车辆（G2V）和车辆到电网（V2G）操作。为了促进快速能量交换，OESS通常在电网侧的高压(HV)总线和车辆侧的低压(LV)总线之间连接。 HV 总线最高可达 1200 V，而 LV 总线低至 48 V，这意味着需要高转换比。谐振转换器通常用于 OESS，并设计有大特性阻抗，可实现宽范围输出功率和零电压开关操作。然而，这种设计导致磁性元件体积大且定制复杂。本文提出了一种基于具有小特征阻抗的交错准谐振转换器的高转换比OESS。谐振变换器采用模块化设计，特性阻抗小，实现体积小、成本低、定制简单。采用低压侧并联和高压侧串联的交错配置，可以实现高转换比。此外，在准谐振操作下进行调制，所有开关即使在轻负载条件下也能实现软开关，以实现高效率。每个模块化准谐振转换器都实现了输出调节的突发控制，同时在它们之间实现了交错控制，以最大限度地减少电流纹波。所提出的设计和控制通过紧凑的 5 kW 原型机进行了验证，该原型机具有 100 A 的充电/放电电流、98.91% 的高功率效率、3.86 W/cm 3 的高功率密度和高转换比（高达20: 1) 1000 VDC 高压母线和 48 VDC 低压母线之间的功率流。