In this letter, we propose a media-based modulation (MBM)-aided uplink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme operating under hardware impairments and imperfect channel state information (CSI). In this scheme, the signal of the far user is transmitted with conventional modulation via the best pattern created from the ON/OFF status of the radio frequency (RF) mirrors. The near user decodes the far user’s signal and transmits with the MBM technique by superposing its information. The bit error rate (BER) expressions of the proposed system for both users are derived under hardware impairments and imperfect CSI. Simulation results validate the derived BER expressions. Moreover, the proposed system is compared with systems in which the spatial modulation (SM) aided NOMA, generalized SM aided NOMA, and conventional NOMA applied at the near user. It has been shown that the proposed system is more robust to hardware impairments and imperfect CSI and outperforms these systems.

中文翻译：

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具有硬件损坏和不完善 CSI 的 MBM 辅助上行链路协作 NOMA

在这封信中，我们提出了一种基于媒体的调制 (MBM) 辅助上行链路协作非正交多址 (NOMA) 方案，该方案在硬件损伤和不完善的信道状态信息 (CSI) 下运行。在该方案中，远方用户的信号通过根据射频 (RF) 反射镜的开/关状态创建的最佳模式以传统调制方式传输。近端用户对远端用户的信号进行解码，并通过叠加其信息以MBM技术进行传输。所提出系统的两个用户的误码率 (BER) 表达式是在硬件损伤和不完善的 CSI 下导出的。仿真结果验证了导出的 BER 表达式。此外，将所提出的系统与空间调制 (SM) 辅助 NOMA、广义 SM 辅助 NOMA、和传统的 NOMA 应用于附近的用户。已经表明，所提出的系统对硬件损伤和不完美的CSI更加鲁棒并且优于这些系统。