1. Invasive bivalves continue to spread and negatively impact freshwater ecosystems worldwide. As different metrics for body size and biomass are frequently used within the literature to standardise bivalve-related ecological impacts (e.g. respiration and filtration rates), the lack of broadly applicable conversion equations currently hinders reliable comparison across bivalve populations. To facilitate improved comparative assessment among studies originating from disparate geographical locations, we report body size and biomass conversion equations for six invasive freshwater bivalves (or species complex members) worldwide: Corbicula fluminea, C. largillierti, Dreissena bugensis, D. polymorpha, Limnoperna fortunei and Sinanodonta woodiana, and tested the reliability (i.e. precision and accuracy) of these equations.
2. Body size (length, width and height) and biomass metrics of living-weight (LW), wet-weight (WW), dry-weight (DW), dry shell-weight (SW), shell free dry-weight (SFDW) and ash-free dry-weight (AFDW) were collected from a total of 44 bivalve populations located in Asia, the Americas and Europe. Relationships between body size and individual biomass metrics, as well as proportional weight-to-weight conversion factors, were determined.
3. For most species, although inherent variation existed between sampled populations, body size directional measurements were found to be good predictors of all biomass metrics (e.g. length to LW, WW, SW or DW: R² = 0.82–0.96), with moderate to high accuracy for mean absolute error (MAE): ±9.14%–24.19%. Similarly, narrow 95% confidence limits and low MAE were observed for most proportional biomass relationships, indicating high reliability for the calculated conversion factors (e.g. LW to AFDW; CI range: 0.7–2.0, MAE: ±0.7%–2.0%).
4. Synthesis and applications. Our derived biomass prediction equations can be used to rapidly estimate the biologically active biomass of the assessed species, based on simpler biomass or body size measurements for a wide range of situations globally. This allows for the calculation of approximate average indicators that, when combined with density data, can be used to estimate biomass per geographical unit-area and contribute to quantification of population-level effects. These general equations will support meta-analyses, and allow for comparative assessment of historic and contemporary data. Overall, these equations will enable conservation managers to better understand and predict ecological impacts of these bivalves.

中文翻译：

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生物识别转换因子作为入侵淡水双壳类动物比较评估的统一平台

1. 入侵的双壳类动物继续蔓延并对全世界的淡水生态系统产生负面影响。由于在文献中经常使用不同的体型和生物量指标来标准化与双壳类动物相关的生态影响（例如呼吸和过滤率），目前缺乏广泛适用的转换方程阻碍了双壳类动物种群之间的可靠比较。为了促进来自不同地理位置的研究之间的改进比较评估，我们报告了全球六种入侵淡水双壳类动物（或物种复杂成员）的体型和生物量转换方程：Corbicula fluminea、C. largillierti、Dreissena bugensis、D. polymorpha、Limnoperna Fortunei和香椿，并测试了这些方程的可靠性（即精度和准确度）。
2. 体型（长度、宽度和高度）和活重 (LW)、湿重 (WW)、干重 (DW)、干壳重 (SW)、无壳干重 (SFDW) 的生物量指标和无灰干重 (AFDW) 从位于亚洲、美洲和欧洲的总共 44 个双壳类种群中收集。确定了体型和个体生物量指标之间的关系，以及比例的重量对重量的转换因子。
3. 对于大多数物种，尽管采样种群之间存在固有差异，但发现体型方向测量是所有生物量指标（例如长度到 LW、WW、SW 或 DW：R ²  = 0.82–0.96）的良好预测因子，具有中到高平均绝对误差 (MAE) 的准确度：±9.14%–24.19%。类似地，对于大多数生物量比例关系，观察到狭窄的 95% 置信限和低 MAE，表明计算的转换因子具有高可靠性（例如 LW 到 AFDW；CI 范围：0.7–2.0，MAE：±0.7%–2.0%）。
4. 合成与应用。我们推导出的生物量预测方程可用于基于更简单的生物量或体型测量值，在全球范围内的各种情况下快速估计评估物种的生物活性生物量。这允许计算近似平均指标，当与密度数据结合时，可用于估计每个地理单位面积的生物量，并有助于量化人口水平的影响。这些通用方程将支持元分析，并允许对历史和当代数据进行比较评估。总的来说，这些方程将使保护管理者能够更好地理解和预测这些双壳类动物的生态影响。