In order to quantify air pollution effects on climate change, we investigated the climate response associated with anthropogenic particulate matters (PMs) by dividing fine PM (PM_2.5, particle size ≤2.5 μm) and coarse particulate matter (CPM, particle size >2.5 μm) in great detail in this work, with an aerosol-climate coupled model. We find that the changes in PM_2.5 and CPM are very different and thus result in different, even opposite effects on climate, especially on a regional scale. The column burden of PM_2.5 increases globally from 1850 to the present, especially over Asia's southern and eastern parts, whereas the column concentration of CPM increases over high-latitude regions and decreases over South Asia. The resulted global annual mean effective radiative forcing (ERF) values due to PM_2.5 and CPM changes are −1.21 W·m⁻² and −0.24 W·m⁻², respectively. Increases in PM_2.5 result in significant cooling effects on the climate, whereas changes in CPM produce small and even opposite effects. The global annual mean surface air temperature (SAT) decreases by 0.94 K due to PM_2.5 increase. Coolings caused by increased PM_2.5 are more apparent over Northern Hemisphere (NH) terrain and ocean at mid- and high latitudes. Increases in SATs caused by increased CPM are identified over high latitudes in the NH, whereas decreases are identified over mid-latitude regions. Strong cooling due to increased PM_2.5 causes a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), whereas the Hadley circulation associated with CPM is enhanced slightly over both hemispheres, along with the weak movement of corresponding ITCZ. The global annual mean precipitation decreases by approximately 0.11 mm day⁻¹ due to the increased PM_2.5. Generally, PM_2.5 concentration changes contribute more than 80% of the variation caused by all anthropogenic aerosols in ERF, SAT, cloud fraction, and precipitation.

中文翻译：

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自工业革命以来人为颗粒物的变化和由此产生的全球气候影响

为了量化空气污染对气候变化的影响，我们通过划分细颗粒物（PM _2.5，粒径≤2.5 μm）和粗颗粒物（CPM，粒径> 2.5 μm ）来研究与人为颗粒物（PMs）相关的气候响应）在这项工作中非常详细地使用了气溶胶-气候耦合模型。我们发现 PM _2.5和 CPM的变化非常不同，因此会对气候产生不同甚至相反的影响，尤其是在区域范围内。PM _2.5的列负担从 1850 年至今，全球范围内增加，特别是在亚洲南部和东部地区，而 CPM 的柱浓度在高纬度地区增加，在南亚减少。由于 PM _2.5和 CPM 变化而产生的全球年平均有效辐射强迫 (ERF) 值分别为 -1.21 W·m ^-2和 -0.24 W·m ^-2。PM _{2.5 的}增加会对气候产生显着的降温影响，而 CPM 的变化会产生很小甚至相反的影响。由于 PM _{2.5 的}增加，全球年平均地表气温 (SAT) 下降了 0.94 K。PM _2.5增加引起的冷却在中高纬度的北半球（NH）地形和海洋上更为明显。在北半球的高纬度地区发现了由 CPM 增加引起的 SAT 增加，而在中纬度地区发现了减少。PM _2.5增加导致的强烈降温导致热带辐合带 (ITCZ) 向南移动，而与 CPM 相关的哈德利环流在两个半球略有增强，同时相应的 ITCZ 运动较弱。由于 PM _2.5增加，全球年平均降水量减少约 0.11 mm day ^-1。一般情况下，PM _2.5 ERF、SAT、云分数和降水中所有人为气溶胶引起的变化中，浓度变化贡献了 80% 以上。