Unrelated haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has evolved from an experimental protocol to a potentially curative first-line treatment in a variety of haematologic malignancies. The continuous refinement of treatment protocols and supportive care paired with ongoing achievements in the technological field of histocompatibility testing enabled this transformation. Without a doubt, HLA matching is still the foremost criterion for donor selection in unrelated HSCT. However, HSCT-related treatment complications still occur frequently, often resulting in patients suffering severely or even dying as a consequence of such complications. Current literature indicates that other immune system modulating factors may play a role in the setting of HSCT. In this review, we discuss the current clinical evidence of a possible influence of nonclassical HLA antigens HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G as well as the HLA-like molecules MICA and MICB, in HSCT.

中文翻译：

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HSCT 中扩展位点组织相容性匹配——超越经典 HLA


无关造血干细胞移植（HSCT）已从一种实验方案发展成为多种血液系统恶性肿瘤的潜在治愈性一线治疗方法。治疗方案和支持性护理的不断完善，加上组织相容性测试技术领域不断取得的成就，促成了这一转变。毫无疑问，HLA匹配仍然是无关HSCT供者选择的首要标准。然而，HSCT相关的治疗并发症仍然频繁发生，常常导致患者遭受严重痛苦，甚至死亡。目前的文献表明其他免疫系统调节因素可能在 HSCT 中发挥作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了非经典 HLA 抗原 HLA-E、HLA-F 和 HLA-G 以及 HLA 样分子 MICA 和 MICB 在 HSCT 中可能产生影响的当前临床证据。