To study the effect of freeze–thaw weathering damage deterioration on the strength of Huashan granite, this paper conducted a freeze–thaw (FT) cycle test on Huashan granite at − 20 to 20 °C and 0–100 cycles. Thus, the basic physical parameters change law of Huashan granite after freeze–thaw weathering are obtained. The SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) device was used to perform uniaxial and confining impact compression of granite, analyze the macro-mechanical test phenomena, and reveal the influence of freeze–thaw damage on rock strength. The results show that frost heave failure is the principal mechanism that causes the strength to decrease after freeze–thaw weathering. The static uniaxial compressive strength and maximum tensile strength of Huashan granite decreased by 38.4 and 21.5% after 100 FT cycles, respectively. The rate of reduction of peak stress does not necessarily grow with the increase of the number of cycles, and the average reduction rate in each phase ranges from 0.1 to 2.4%. It means that the damage accumulation of freeze–thaw weathering on rocks is not a uniformly increasing damage process. The radial restraint of confining pressure can effectively increase the peak stress of the material. When the strain rate is low, no failure occurs in the specimens due to the hoop restraint of confining pressure.

为研究冻融风化损伤劣化对华山花岗岩强度的影响，本文对华山花岗岩进行了-20～20℃、0～100次循环的冻融（FT）循环试验。由此，得到了华山花岗岩冻融风化后的基本物理参数变化规律。采用SHPB（Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar）装置对花岗岩进行单轴围压冲击压缩，分析宏观力学试验现象，揭示冻融损伤对岩石强度的影响。结果表明，冻胀破坏是导致冻融风化后强度下降的主要机制。100次FT循环后，华山花岗岩的静态单轴抗压强度和最大抗拉强度分别下降了38.4%和21.5%。峰值应力的降低率并不一定随着循环次数的增加而增长，各阶段平均降低率在0.1～2.4%之间。这意味着冻融风化对岩石的损伤累积不是一个均匀递增的损伤过程。围压的径向约束可以有效地增加材料的峰值应力。当应变率较低时，由于围压的环向约束，试件不会发生破坏。围压的径向约束可以有效地增加材料的峰值应力。当应变率较低时，由于围压的环向约束，试件不会发生破坏。围压的径向约束可以有效地增加材料的峰值应力。当应变率较低时，由于围压的环向约束，试件不会发生破坏。