Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive and important environmental management tool around the world. However, lacking temporal information has been a major challenge. In the past decade, dynamic LCA (DLCA), which incorporates temporal variations into assessment, has been an emerging research topic with increasing publications. A timely comprehensive review is needed to present current progress and discuss future directions. This article reviews 144 DLCA articles quantitatively and qualitatively. A bibliometric approach is adopted to conduct co-occurrence analysis and cluster analysis of DLCA studies. The research progress, approaches, and limitations of three temporal variation types (i.e., dynamic life cycle inventory, dynamic characterization factors, and dynamic weighting factors) in DLCA studies are systematically analyzed and discussed. It is concluded that: (1) dynamic inventory analysis is usually conducted by collecting time-differentiated data at each time step. Field monitoring, simulation, scenario analysis, and prediction based on historical data are common approaches. (2) Dynamic characterization studies primarily focus on two impact categories: global warming and toxicity. More studies are in need. (3) Various methods and indicators (i.e., dynamic pollution damage cost, temporal environmental policy targets, and discount rates) are used to solve the dynamic weighting issue, and they have specific limitations. Finally, three interesting topics are discussed: comparison between dynamic and static results, the large data amount issue, and the trend of tools development. This review offers a holistic view on temporal variations in DLCA studies and provides reference and directions for future dynamic studies.

中文翻译：

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动态生命周期评估：生命周期评估研究中的时间变化研究回顾

生命周期评估（LCA）是世界范围内一项综合而重要的环境管理工具。然而，缺乏时间信息一直是一个重大挑战。在过去的十年中，将时间变化纳入评估的动态 LCA (DLCA) 已成为一个新兴的研究课题，并有越来越多的出版物。需要及时进行全面审查以介绍当前的进展并讨论未来的方向。本文对 144 篇 DLCA 文章进行了定量和定性评论。采用文献计量方法对 DLCA 研究进行共现分析和聚类分析。三种时间变化类型（即动态生命周期清单、动态特征因子、和动态加权因子）在 DLCA 研究中被系统地分析和讨论。得出的结论是：（1）动态清单分析通常是通过收集每个时间步长的时间差异数据来进行的。基于历史数据的现场监测、模拟、情景分析和预测是常见的方法。(2) 动态表征研究主要集中在两个影响类别：全球变暖和毒性。需要更多的研究。(3)解决动态权重问题的方法和指标（即动态污染损害成本、时间环境政策目标、贴现率）有多种，具有特定的局限性。最后讨论了三个有趣的话题：动态和静态结果的比较、大数据量问题和工具发展趋势。