Communities next to national parks, known as gateway communities, can benefit from national park development. Gateway communities are unique and limited in the degree to which, and direction in which, they can be developed. In this research, Banff National Park was used as a case study to explore residents' perceptions of the impact of national park tourism via a survey questionnaire distributed in communities at three different spatial levels (core, intermediate, and remote portal). The data analyses were based on a sample of 231 respondents and were processed using factor analysis and linear regression models for different communities. The results identified six impact factors, and the differences in each community were analyzed. The findings indicated that residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism in the town of Canmore rank first, followed by those of Banff and Golden. The regression analysis revealed that Banff was found to have the most supportive residents, and their support for tourism was found to be significantly affected by community natural environmental factors and cultural development factors. Canmore residents were mainly affected by cultural factors. Golden residents were least supportive due to through natural environmental factors and quality of life factors. An adaptive analysis revealed that Banff has the closest economic relationship with national park tourism, and Golden the weakest. Balancing the positive and negative impacts of tourism, exploring more cultural service functions of the communities, seeking a more diverse industrial structure, planning year-round tourism, and cooperating with other communities to ensure local benefits are recommended. The findings may provide an additional understanding of the local perceptions of tourism impacts and local support from a spatial perspective and can help sustainable tourism management by assisting communities to optimize the tourism industry structure and local management strategies.

国家公园旁边的社区，被称为门户社区，可以从国家公园的发展中受益。门户社区是独一无二的，在发展的程度和方向上是有限的。在本研究中，班夫国家公园作为案例研究，通过分布在三个不同空间层次（核心、中间和远程门户）社区的调查问卷来探索居民对国家公园旅游影响的看法。数据分析基于 231 名受访者的样本，并使用不同社区的因子分析和线性回归模型进行处理。结果确定了六个影响因素，并分析了每个社区的差异。调查结果表明，居民 对坎莫尔镇旅游业影响的看法排名第一，其次是班夫和戈尔登。回归分析显示，班夫居民的支持度最高，其对旅游的支持受社区自然环境因素和文化发展因素的影响显着。坎莫尔居民主要受文化因素影响。由于自然环境因素和生活质量因素，黄金居民最不支持。适应性分析显示，班夫与国家公园旅游的经济关系最密切，而黄金的经济关系最弱。平衡旅游的正面和负面影响，挖掘更多社区文化服务功能，寻求更多元化的产业结构，规划全年旅游，并与其他社区合作以确保当地利益。研究结果可以从空间角度进一步了解当地对旅游影响和当地支持的看法，并可以通过协助社区优化旅游业结构和当地管理战略来帮助可持续旅游管理。