Dietary supplementation is an effective strategy for boosting the innate immune response in fishes. It involves the use of functional ingredients that bear the potential for mitigating the deleterious effects of chemotherapeutics (bioaccumulation and development of drug-resistant pathogens), as a more ecologically responsible approach to fish farming. With the emergence of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and herbal immunostimulants; dietary supplementation has become an integral aspect of immuno-nutrition. In this review, we have compiled a list of dietary immunostimulants in rohu, based on the research carried over the last ten years. It should be noted that nearly 25% of the studies on dietary supplementation in Labeo rohita investigated probiotics species (either singly or as mixtures), followed by the use of herbal supplements or phytobiotics. In relation to stress, about 30% of the studies dealt with the supplementation of tryptophan, followed by the incorporation of lipotropes. Moreover, approximately 55–60% of the studies reviewed, were restricted to nutrition-based disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Commercially available probiotics and herbal feed additives have been helpful in the health management of L. rohita to some extent. Ongoing research is consistently exploring novel ingredients inducing favourable immunomodulation to survive stress and widespread A. hydrophila infection in L. rohita. However, further investigations aiming at broad-spectrum disease resistance and multiple stress resilience are recommended. Efforts must also be directed towards the elucidation of specifically targeted response in vivo. Overall, greater insights into the molecular mechanisms of dietary supplementation of immunostimulants warrants the use of downstream analytical techniques and high-throughput screening tools.

中文翻译：

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膳食补充剂的免疫调节：热带淡水鱼可持续水产养殖的预防健康策略，Labeo rohita（汉密尔顿，1822 年）

膳食补充剂是增强鱼类先天免疫反应的有效策略。它涉及使用具有减轻化学疗法（耐药病原体的生物积累和发展）有害影响潜力的功能性成分，作为一种对生态更负责任的养鱼方法。随着益生菌、益生元、合生元和草药免疫刺激剂的出现；膳食补充剂已成为免疫营养的一个组成部分。在这篇综述中，我们根据过去十年的研究编制了一份罗湖饮食免疫刺激剂清单。应该指出的是，近 25% 的关于Labeo rohita膳食补充剂的研究研究了益生菌种类（单独或作为混合物），然后使用草药补充剂或植物生素。关于压力，大约 30% 的研究涉及补充色氨酸，然后加入脂质。此外，所审查的大约 55-60% 的研究仅限于针对嗜水气单胞菌感染的基于营养的疾病抵抗力。市售的益生菌和草本饲料添加剂在一定程度上有助于L. rohita的健康管理。正在进行的研究一直在探索新的成分，诱导有利的免疫调节以在压力和广泛的A 中生存。 L嗜水菌感染。 罗希塔。然而，建议进一步研究针对广谱抗病性和多重压力恢复能力。还必须致力于阐明体内特异性靶向反应。总体而言，对免疫刺激剂膳食补充剂的分子机制有更深入的了解，需要使用下游分析技术和高通量筛选工具。