A coupled description of flow and thermal-reactive transport is spanning a wide range of scales in space and time, which often introduces a significant complexity for the modelling of such processes. Subsurface reservoir heterogeneity with complex multi-scale features increases the modelling complexity even further. Traditional multiscale techniques are usually focused on the accuracy of the pressure solution and often ignore the transport. Improving the transport solution can however be quite significant for the performance of the simulation, especially in complex applications related to thermal-compositional flow. The use of an Adaptive Mesh Refinement enables the grid to adapt dynamically during the simulation, which facilitates the efficient use of computational resources. This is especially important in applications with thermal flow and transport where the region requires high-resolution calculations as often localized in space. In this work, the aim is to develop an Adaptive Mesh Refinement framework for geothermal reservoir simulation. The approach uses a multi-level connection list and can be applied to fully unstructured grids. The adaptivity of the grid in the developed framework is based on a hierarchical connectivity list. First, the fine-scale model is constructed, which accurately approximates all reservoir heterogeneity. Next, a global flow-based upscaling is applied, where an unstructured partitioning of the original grid is created. Once the full hierarchy of levels is constructed, the simulation is started at the coarsest grid. Grid space refinement criteria is based on the local changes and can be adjusted for specific models and governing physics. The multi-level connectivity lists are redefined at each timestep and used as an input for the next. The developed Adaptive Mesh Refinement framework was implemented in Delft Advanced Research Terra Simulator which uses the Operator-Based Linearization technique. The performance of the proposed approach is illustrated for several challenging geothermal applications of practical interest.

流动和热反应传输的耦合描述跨越了广泛的空间和时间尺度，这通常会给此类过程的建模带来显着的复杂性。具有复杂多尺度特征的地下储层非均质性进一步增加了建模的复杂性。传统的多尺度技术通常侧重于压力解的准确性，而往往忽略了传输。然而，改进传输解决方案对于模拟的性能非常重要，尤其是在与热成分流动相关的复杂应用中。自适应网格细化的使用使网格能够在模拟过程中动态适应，从而促进计算资源的有效利用。这在热流和热传输的应用中尤其重要，其中该区域需要高分辨率计算，而这些计算通常位于空间中。在这项工作中，目的是开发用于地热储层模拟的自适应网格细化框架。该方法使用多级连接列表，可以应用于完全非结构化的网格。开发框架中网格的自适应性基于分层连接列表。首先，构建精细模型，准确地近似所有储层非均质性。接下来，应用基于全局流的升级，其中创建原始网格的非结构化分区。一旦构建了完整的层次层次结构，就从最粗糙的网格开始模拟。网格空间细化标准基于局部变化，可以针对特定模型和控制物理进行调整。多级连接列表在每个时间步都被重新定义，并用作下一个的输入。开发的自适应网格细化框架在 Delft Advanced Research Terra Simulator 中实现，该模拟器使用基于运算符的线性化技术。所提出的方法的性能针对几个具有实际意义的具有挑战性的地热应用进行了说明。