ABSTRACT

Emissions from aviation are expected to grow. With evidence that the International Civil Aviation Organization’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation is an inadequate mitigation mechanism, there is interest in upscaling the sector’s climate-related policies. This paper reviews potential aviation emissions mitigation policies against the background of emerging complexities, such as the large share of radiative forcing not covered under any policy agreement, as well as highly skewed demand distributions. In total, 30 voluntary, market-based and regulatory “transition policies” are identified and evaluated with regard to their potential to reduce emissions from air passenger transport and to initiate the transition to new fuels and propulsion technologies. The paper also discusses the potential public acceptance of differing policies. It concludes that the removal of fossil fuel and related subsidies represents a priority, supported by policy mixes comprising levies (CO₂, frequent fliers, premium classes) and a feed-in quota for definitively established sustainable aviation fuels. To reduce flight emissions is feasible in principle, but will require policy initiatives at the national level or at the level of regional jurisdictions such as the European Union.

摘要

航空排放预计将增加。有证据表明，国际民航组织的国际航空碳抵消和减排计划是一个不充分的缓解机制，人们有兴趣升级该部门的气候相关政策。本文在新出现的复杂性背景下审查了潜在的航空减排政策，例如任何政策协议中未涵盖的大量辐射强迫，以及高度倾斜的需求分布。总共确定和评估了 30 项自愿的、基于市场的和监管的“过渡政策”，评估它们在减少航空客运排放和启动向新燃料和推进技术过渡的潜力。该文件还讨论了公众对不同政策的潜在接受度。它的结论是，在包括征税（CO₂、飞行常客、高级舱位）和明确建立的可持续航空燃料的馈入配额。减少飞行排放在原则上是可行的，但需要国家层面或欧盟等区域司法管辖区层面的政策举措。