The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) was established to promote and provide guidance toward a global observation network on biodiversity and ecosystems for decision makers and the scientific community. Here we comment on three key challenges in the development and implementation of monitoring schemes and indicators of ecosystem services (ES): (1) combining ES observations, data and methods across scales; (2) identifying operational ES metrics that consider the interactions between people and ecosystems; and (3) integrating the diversity of socio-cultural values and knowledge into monitoring activities. We discuss these challenges with the goal to stimulate the ES research community to help tackle these focus areas in ES monitoring.

地球观测组生物多样性观测网络 (GEO BON) 的成立是为了为决策者和科学界促进和提供有关生物多样性和生态系统的全球观测网络的指导。在这里，我们评论了生态系统服务 (ES) 监测方案和指标的制定和实施过程中的三个关键挑战：(1) 跨尺度结合 ES 观测、数据和方法；(2) 确定考虑人与生态系统之间相互作用的可操作 ES 指标；(3) 将社会文化价值观和知识的多样性纳入监测活动。我们讨论这些挑战的目的是激励 ES 研究社区帮助解决 ES 监测中的这些重点领域。