Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are broad, pervasive themes and patterns of emotions, memories, cognition and physical sensations that impede the goal of individuals. Maladaptive behaviours can occur as a response to maladaptive or negative schemas, often culminating in depression or anxiety. The current meta-analysis integrates the existing literature to estimate the magnitude of effect of association between EMS and depression among adolescents and young adults. A systematic search of seven different databases including Embase, CINAHL, Medline, ASSIA, Psych INFO, Scopus and Web of Science was carried out identifying 24 relevant studies of adolescents (10–18 years) and young adults (19–29 years). The random-effect model estimate for association between overall EMS and depression was r = 0.56 (95% CI 0.49–0.63, Z = 12.88, p ≤ 0.0001), suggesting higher predominant EMS significantly linked to higher levels of depressive symptoms, with a large effect size. Separate meta-analytical results with schema domains indicated moderately stronger associations between schemas of disconnection/rejection, impaired autonomy/performance and other-directedness with depression. Age and gender were not found to have any significant moderating effect on the associations. The findings suggest that it is vital for clinicians to identify specific maladaptive schemas contributing towards depression, to have a better understanding of underlying cognitive processes and in turn promote psychological health, well-being and resilience in adolescents and young adults. Furthermore, findings will also assist clinicians to focus more on the content of three significant schema domains, which emerged as particularly salient factors underlying adolescent depression.

中文翻译：

---

青春期和青年期早期适应不良图式与抑郁关系的元分析

早期适应不良图式 (EMS) 是广泛而普遍的主题和情绪、记忆、认知和身体感觉的模式，它们阻碍了个人的目标。适应不良行为可能作为对适应不良或消极模式的反应而发生，通常最终导致抑郁或焦虑。目前的荟萃分析整合了现有文献，以估计 EMS 与青少年和年轻人抑郁症之间关联的影响程度。对七个不同的数据库进行了系统搜索，包括 Embase、CINAHL、Medline、ASSIA、Psych INFO、Scopus 和 Web of Science，确定了 24 项青少年（10-18 岁）和年轻人（19-29 岁）的相关研究。总体 EMS 与抑郁症之间关联的随机效应模型估计为r= 0.56（95% CI 0.49–0.63，Z= 12.88,p≤ 0.0001)，表明较高的主要 EMS 与较高水平的抑郁症状显着相关，且效应量较大。具有图式域的单独元分析结果表明，断开连接/拒绝图式、自主性/绩效受损和其他导向性与抑郁症之间的关联略强。未发现年龄和性别对关联有任何显着的调节作用。研究结果表明，临床医生必须确定导致抑郁症的特定适应不良模式，以更好地了解潜在的认知过程，进而促进青少年和年轻人的心理健康、幸福感和复原力。此外，研究结果还将帮助临床医生更多地关注三个重要模式域的内容，