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The impact of strict and forced confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic on positive functioning variables, emotional distress, and posttraumatic growth in a Spanish sample
European Journal of Psychotraumatology ( IF 5.783 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-09 , DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1918900
Marta Miragall 1, 2 , Rocío Herrero 2, 3 , M Dolores Vara 2, 3 , Laura Galiana 4 , Rosa M Baños 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Background: The adverse consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have been widely studied in recent months. However, few studies have examined the protective psychological factors that may explain how individuals are coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and its forced confinements.

Objective: This study analyzes the impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic on positive functioning variables (resilience, meaning of life, gratitude, compassion, life satisfaction), emotional distress (depression, anxiety, perceived stress, affect), and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The impact was measured during and after the first month of strict and obligatory confinement in Spain.

Methods: The sample was composed of 438 Spanish residents (78.3% women) between the ages of 18 and 68 (M = 35.68; SD = 13.19) during the first stage (first two weeks) of confinement. The sample was reduced to 197 participants during the second stage (fifth week) of confinement. Several online self-reported questionnaires were administered to assess positive functioning variables, emotional distress, and PTG.

Results: Women, youths, individuals without a partner, with lower monetary incomes, or diagnosed with a mental disorder or chronic illness experienced lower scores in positive functioning variables and greater emotional distress during the first stage of confinement. Linear mixed models showed that scores on positive functioning variables, emotional distress, and PTG worsened in the second stage of confinement. Nevertheless, a structural equations model showed that increases in positive functioning variables in the second stage were associated with increases in life satisfaction (R2 = .450) and related to decreases in emotional distress (R2 = .186), leading in turn to increases in PTG (R2 = .061).

Conclusions: Individuals could experience PTG during strict and mandatory confinement. The increase in PTG during this adverse event was indirectly associated with increases in positive functioning variables (i.e. gratitude, presence of meaning, resilience), through improvements in life satisfaction and emotional distress.



中文翻译:

西班牙样本中因 COVID-19 大流行而导致的严格和强制禁闭对积极功能变量、情绪困扰和创伤后成长的影响

摘要

背景:最近几个月,人们广泛研究了 COVID-19 大流行对心理健康的不利影响。然而,很少有研究考察可以解释个人如何应对 COVID-19 大流行及其强制隔离的保护性心理因素。

目的:本研究分析了因 COVID-19 大流行而进行的隔离对积极功能变量(适应力、生命意义、感恩、同情心、生活满意度)、情绪困扰(抑郁、焦虑、感知压力、影响)和创伤后情绪的影响增长(PTG)。这种影响是在西班牙严格和强制性禁闭的第一个月期间和之后测量的。

方法:样本由 438 名年龄在 18 岁至 68 岁之间的西班牙居民(78.3% 为女性)组成(M = 35.68;SD  = 13.19),处于隔离的第一阶段(前两周)。在隔离的第二阶段(第五周),样本减少到 197 名参与者。进行了几个在线自我报告的问卷调查,以评估积极的功能变量、情绪困扰和 PTG。

结果:女性、青年、没有伴侣、收入较低或被诊断患有精神障碍或慢性病的个人在分娩的第一阶段经历了较低的积极功能变量得分和更大的情绪困扰。线性混合模型显示,在隔离的第二阶段,积极功能变量、情绪困扰和 PTG 的得分恶化。然而,结构方程模型表明,第二阶段积极功能变量的增加与生活满意度的增加 ( R 2  = .450) 和情绪困扰的减少 ( R 2  = .186) 相关,进而导致PTG 增加 ( R 2  = .061)。

结论:在严格和强制性的禁闭期间,个人可能会经历 PTG。通过生活满意度和情绪困扰的改善,这一不良事件期间 PTG 的增加与积极功能变量(即感恩、意义的存在、恢复力)的增加间接相关。

更新日期:2021-06-10
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