False recognition memory for nonstudied items that share features with targets can be reduced by retrieval monitoring mechanisms. The recall-to-reject process, for example, involves the recollection of information about studied items that disqualifies inconsistent test probes. Monitoring for specific features during retrieval may be enhanced by an encoding orientation that is recapitulated during retrieval. In two experiments, we used concrete words or door scenes as materials and manipulated the level of processing at study and the type of distractors presented at test. We showed that for the verbal material, semantic level of processing at study results in an effective rejection of semantically inconsistent distractors. However, for the pictorial material, the perceptual level of processing leads to an effective rejection of perceptually inconsistent distractors. For targets, the effect of levels of processing was observed for words but not for pictures. The results suggest that retrieval monitoring mechanisms depend on interactions between encoding orientation, study materials, and differentiating features of distractors.

检索监控机制可以减少与目标共享特征的未研究项目的错误识别记忆。例如，从召回到拒绝的过程涉及重新收集有关研究项目的信息，这些信息会取消不一致的测试探针的资格。在检索期间对特定特征的监控可以通过在检索期间概括的编码方向来增强。在两个实验中，我们使用具体的词或门场景作为材料，并在研究中操纵处理水平和在测试中出现的干扰物的类型。我们表明，对于口头材料，研究中处理的语义水平导致有效拒绝语义不一致的干扰物。但是，对于图片材料，处理的感知水平导致有效拒绝感知不一致的干扰物。对于目标，观察到处理水平对文字的影响，而不是对图片的影响。结果表明，检索监测机制取决于编码方向、学习材料和干扰物的区分特征之间的相互作用。